Ideas
I.H.182.Warren Buffett.Alignment
AI关于对齐(alignment)的思路是:“同一套压缩出来的原则,对“结构相同但表述不同”的两个句子,能不能给出同样的答案?”,巴菲特经常用的例子是一个汉堡的小测验:(1)如果一辈子要吃汉堡,不是养牛人,你希望牛肉价格高还是低?(2)未来很多年你是股票的净买方,你应该希望股市更高还是更低?很多人甚至是大部分人对这个“结构相同但表述不同”的两个句子会给出完全不一样的答案,这就是不对齐的现象,更进一步如果出现不对齐很可能处处不对齐,没有一个想法,甚至没有一句话是对齐的(前半句和后半句对不上)。 ...
I.H.190.Warren Buffett.Water the flowers and skip over the weeds.
好坏对错中在已经错误的事情中投入资源可能没有净效益甚至是负的,“Water the flowers and skip over the weeds.”是目前看到的最好的方式,表达方式的好坏有时候比道理本身更重要。 1、《2012-02-25 Warren Buffett's Letters to Berkshire Shareholders》 On September 16th we acquired Lubrizol, a worldwide producer of additives and ...
I.H.133.Bill Miller.Bitcoin
加密是新时代的黄金,有类似于保险的作用,问题是什么样的人需要保险? 1、《2012-05-05 Berkshire Hathaway Annual Meeting》 29. Buffett’s negativity on gold “arouses passions” 巴菲特对黄金的消极态度“激起了热情” WARREN BUFFETT: Station 8. 沃伦·巴菲特:第 8 站。 AUDIENCE MEMBER: Oh, hi, thanks. Neil Steinhoff (PH) ...
I.H.211.James Dimon.The gravity of interest rates
Refer To:《2024-05-29 James Dimon.Bernstein's 40th Annual Strategic Decisions Conference》。 James Dimon Chairman & CEO You have -- now you have the scenario-plan it, okay? If we have a soft landing and rates stay where they are, come down a little bit, ...
I.H.180.Warren Buffett.Think Independently
独立思考是一个非常好的代理指标,Benjamin Graham有一个非常好的说法:“Think Independently,Think Correctly”,这是相互联系的两个句子,稍微认真想一想就能看出其中的关键:不能独立思考=不能正确思考=不能思考,不能思考该有什么样的后果? 1、Think independently和情绪自律 Think independently和情绪自律是同义词,源头是Basic trust / Basic mistrust。 如果一个人有 Basic ...
I.H.121.Mark Zuckerberg.Podcasts
更容易看到深度思考的形式。 1、《2025-01-11 Mark Zuckerberg.Joe Rogan Experience #2255》 Mark Zuckerberg: Yeah, it's a new medium. I mean, I'm sure you know the history on this. It's like when people transition from radio to TV, 马克·扎克伯格: ...
I.H.101.Warren Buffett.Right Business
巴菲特对Right Business的定义是长期经济特性良好(favorable long-term economics),对伟大企业的定义是拥有可持续的“护城河”(have an enduring “moat”),然后分别解释了可持续的护城河和可持续。 一、可持续的护城河 1991年股东信里有一个划分是“needed or desired”,指向需求的两个极端更容易产生护城河,2007年版本改成了lowcost producer、world-wide brand,needed对应lowcost ...
I.H.203.Warren Buffett.High Inflation
通胀是一股强大的淘汰弱者的机制,来源于人类自身的恐惧。 1、《1987-10-19 Warren Buffett.What we can learn from Phil Fisher》 If that’s what’s coming, how does one protect oneself against this hyperinflation? 如果真要发生,那么该如何保护自己免受这种恶性通胀的伤害? I made as deep a study as I could of what ...
I.H.126.Steve Jobs.Manufacturing
1、《1992 Steve Jobs.MIT Distinguished Speaker Series》 Let's talk about manufacturing. How many of you have a manufacturing background? Oh, that's great. I love manufacturing. And what kinds of things? What kinds of companies? You have— ...
I.H.210.Warren Buffett.Stock options
股票期权是顺应人性的激励手段,但在计算Owner earnings时需要反映实际的成本。 1、《1997-05-05 Berkshire Hathaway Annual Meeting》 34. Abuse of stock options as executive compensation 将股票期权滥用于高管薪酬 WARREN BUFFETT: Well, we’ll talk about comp then, a little. WARREN BUFFETT:那我们就稍微谈一点薪酬的问题。 ...
I.H.115.Warren Buffett.Utility system
有稳定的收益但也可能受到政治上的干扰。 1、《2017-02-25 Warren Buffett's Letters to Berkshire Shareholders》 Regulated, Capital-Intensive Businesses 受监管的资本密集型业务 Our BNSF railroad and Berkshire Hathaway Energy (“BHE”), our 90%-owned utility business, share important ...
I.H.134.Warren Buffett.Why bought silver?
一个大宗商品的例子。 1、《1998-02-27 Warren Buffett's Letters to Berkshire Shareholders》 Unconventional Commitments 非常规投入 When we can't find our favorite commitment -- a well-run and sensibly-priced business with fine economics -- we usually opt to put new money ...
I.H.107.Warren Buffett.Tech Field
科技是个快速变化的行业,人在快速变化的环境中更容易做出不理性的决策。 1、《1992 Steve Jobs.MIT Distinguished Speaker Series》 What technological advances do you see coming over the next five to 10 years? and how is NeXTSTEP structured to take advantage of those? ...
I.H.186.Warren Buffett.Circle Of Competence
巴菲特有一句我非常认同的话:“如果你对某样东西是不是在你的能力圈里有疑问,那它就不在”,他的意思是:必须确信无疑,凡是心里打问号的,都不在能力圈里。 造成越界的,往往不是智力问题,而是性格缺陷。很多“胡言乱语”,不管表面讲的是宏观、科技还是故事股,高度压缩之后其实只是几种心态的变体:不懂但想要试一试、不想懂但想要试一试、知道是错的但想要试一试。大脑的部分功能是正常的,真正拦在前面的,是情绪。这时候,最好有人在旁边轻轻提醒一句——前提是,这个人的话你还听得进去。 情绪自律 = 人类版的 Value ...
I.H.125.Warren Buffett.Retailing
零售业者必须时时保持聪明警惕,因为你的竞争对手随时准备复制你的做法,然后超越你,同时消费者总是被各种可能的方式吸引去尝试新的商家,在零售业一旦业绩滑坡,注定就会失败。 1、《1994 Warren Buffett.UNC Business School》 I was in the department store business for a while — don’t ask me why — but I was in it and if my competitor ...
I.H.108.Steve Jobs.closed versus open
开源的好处是借助其他人的智慧,有可能的问题是一开始就缺乏信心(认为自己不够好,需要借助“陌生人的善意”),这样的错误只会越滚越大,就像是掉在地上的苹果,一开始有一个小的烂疤,然后越来越大。 1、《2007-05-05 Berkshire Hathaway Annual Meeting》 CHARLIE MUNGER: Yeah. I think that’s exactly right. There are two things: the quality of the business and ...
I.H.193.Progressive.96 calendar year combined ratio
执行力是一个说得通但很难做通的护城河,能够静下心、心无旁骛的做好执行需要某种特殊的心理状态(企业文化)。 1、《2000-04-29 Berkshire Hathaway Annual Meeting》 21. “Average is going be terrible in insurance” 在保险行业,平庸将是致命的 WARREN BUFFETT: The question about insurance, about whether we become average — ...
I.H.183.Warren Buffett.Be regarded as an asset
巴菲特在1992年的股东信中引用一句话:“狂热就是在忘记目标后加倍努力”,“Be regarded as an asset”是最基本的目标也是最容易忘记的目标,想明白了所有的幻觉都发生在问题的起点。 1、《1995-04-20 Steve Jobs.Interview with Daniel Morrow》 The Apple Computer Company 苹果电脑公司 SJ: Apple was this incredible journey. I mean we did some ...
I.H.135.Warren Buffett.Autonomous driving
自动驾驶很可能让汽车变得更没有差异性。 1、《2024-05-04 Berkshire Hathaway Annual Meeting》 Becky Quick: This question’s for Warren and Ajit. It’s from Jeff Oyster. As a Berkshire and Tesla shareholder, I would like to hear your thoughts on the potential financial effects ...
I.H.103.Warren Buffett.Buy companies or stock?
买股票是从一朵花跳到另一朵花,被动接受被投资企业的文化,从力量上看不是最收敛的方式。 1、《1994-04-25 Berkshire Hathaway Annual Meeting》 WARREN BUFFETT: Well, I would answer that no. We do not — we very seldom find something to buy on a negotiated basis for an entire business. We have certain ...
I.H.188.Warren Buffett.Operating and Investment
“Operating”是局部泛化,而“Investment”显然需要更广泛适用的知识结构,两者很难兼容,在BRK顶层的人事架构中这两个部分一直是分开设置的,巴菲特最终还是更偏向于实际运营企业的人,他认为如果真的懂经营必定懂投资,因为钱就是那里,而投资不一定能把注意力绑定在正确的方向上,比如,更关注管理的规模而不是实际的企业,这个问题为什么很难? ...
I.H.185.Warren Buffett.The “aha” moment
Benjamin Graham把价格投资的工作拆解为两个部分:Think Correctly+Think Independently,这跟人工智能的最新研究一模一样。 (1)“aha” moment、Grokking(顿悟)、Representation learning(表征学习)、Generalization(泛化)、Compression(压缩) Think Correctly的目标是产生“aha” ...
I.H.106.Warren Buffett.Life Insurance
服务弱势群体的往往是骗子,最终有问题的也不是骗子,被骗是一种需求。 1、《1999-05-03 Berkshire Hathaway Annual Meeting》 58. Two reasons Berkshire isn’t selling life insurance 伯克希尔不从事人寿保险的两个原因 WARREN BUFFETT: Zone 4. (Laughter) 沃伦·巴菲特: 第四区域。(笑声) AUDIENCE MEMBER: I’m David Levy (PH) from ...
I.H.123.Warren Buffett.Conglomerate Structure
企业集团需要有一个意见强烈的思想核心。 1、《1988-02-29 Warren Buffett's Letters to Berkshire Shareholders》 I would say that the controlled company offers two main advantages. First, when we control a company we get to allocate capital, whereas we are likely to have ...
I.H.127.Warren Buffett.Airlines
一开始的目的就是从A到达B,中途的体验很难改变从A到达B是第一位的目的,航空公司是个商品化特征比较明显的业务。 1、《2001-04-28 Berkshire Hathaway Annual Meeting》 11. Airlines must keep costs in line with competitors 航空公司必须保持成本与竞争对手一致 WARREN BUFFETT: Area 1, please. 沃伦·巴菲特: 请转到第一区域。 AUDIENCE MEMBER: Good ...
I.H.131.Warren Buffett.Long-short Strategy
多空策略和高频交易是相互伴生的,巴菲特反复否定这样的投资策略,他用了很多生动的例子,这跟数学上的幂律分布有关,幂律分布在任何可观察的尺度上都是成立的,比如,房地产,以一个长期的视角观察,开发商赚的没有屯房子、屯地皮的多,相比于屯房子开发商赚了高频交易的钱,最典型例子是李嘉诚,以下是我们自己的总结。 1、未来发展不是线性的,10笔交易9笔赚钱,其中1笔巨亏(套利业务可能都有这个问题,特别是某些戏剧性的变化,比如政策); 2、机会成本,对一些“简单并且长期”的价值失去正常的感受能力。 ...
I.H.110.Warren Buffett.Financial companies
在大多数情况下,金融机构不会因为现金短缺而出问题。其他行业则可以通过这种方式早早发现麻烦。 1、《2001-04-28 Berkshire Hathaway Annual Meeting》 WARREN BUFFETT: — risk in — whether it’s in banks, insurance companies or in what they call GSEs here, in the case of Freddie and Fannie. ...
I.H.105.Warren Buffett.Property & Casualty Insurance
保险的商业模式非常特别。 1、《1988-02-29 Warren Buffett's Letters to Berkshire Shareholders》 The math of the insurance business, encapsulated by the table, is not very complicated. In years when the industry’s annual gain in revenues (premiums) pokes along at 4% ...
I.H.104.Warren Buffett.Moat
竞争的程度=缺少差异化的程度。 1、《2000-04-29 Berkshire Hathaway Annual Meeting》 20. “It’s so easy to copy in the internet” 在互联网上复制变得如此容易 WARREN BUFFETT: OK, number 2. WARREN BUFFETT:好的,第二个问题。 AUDIENCE MEMBER: Good morning, gentleman. David Winters, Mountain Lakes, ...
I.H.100.Warren Buffett.Think Correctly
Benjamin Graham 把投资人的核心能力概括为两点:Think Independently(独立的脑回路)与 Think Correctly(正确的脑回路)。 投资的难点从来不是缺信息,而是缺过滤器。市场每天给你无穷多的声音:故事、预测、解释、情绪。你如果试图“把所有信息都听完再决定”,结局往往只有一个——随波逐流。 多数人以为“Think ...
I.H.129.Warren Buffett.Private Equity
用别人的钱赚钱会影响、侵蚀一个人的判断能力:Attention Is All You Need.。 1、《1964-07-08 Warren Buffett's Letters to Limited Partners》 These figures continue to show that the most highly paid and respected investment management has difficulty matching the performance of an ...
I.H.128.Warren Buffett.Cyclical Businesses
1、《2011-04-30 Berkshire Hathaway Annual Meeting》 But those are good businesses. And as I mentioned in the annual report, we bought the largest brick operation in Alabama. And I think Alabama uses more brick per capita than any state in the union, but ...
I.H.204.Warren Buffett.Think about worst cases
财务上最大的风险是负债,除非等同于股本金,但如果把借来的钱等同于自己的钱又会衍生更大的问题。 1、《1988-02-29 Warren Buffett's Letters to Berkshire Shareholders》 Financing 融资 Shortly after yearend, Berkshire sold two issues of debentures, totaling $250 million. Both issues mature in 2018 and will ...
I.H.102.Warren Buffett.Right People
巴菲特把投资的世界压缩成三件事:Right Business、Right People、Right Price。其中最基础、必须最先搞明白的,是中间这件——Right People。他给出的定义只有两个单词:able and trustworthy。我们要做的事很简单:把这两个单词拆开,弄清楚「Right People 到底是谁」,以及为什么在现实世界里,这几乎等于是把一生交出去的选择——因为你把长期复利的方向盘交给谁,结果往往比你买贵一点、买便宜一点重要得多。 ...
I.H.000.Warren Buffett.How to Start Investing
投资需要合适的性格和合适的智力框架,两者结合才能做出理性的决策,性格的重要性占到90%。如果有合适的性格,那么应该尽可能早的开始,尽可能早的建立记录。实际上符合常识的是后者可以学习前者很难改变,性格不是模糊不清的问题,一个人喜欢把简单问题复杂化,还是复杂问题简单化?这种性格上的倾向性是非常稳定的。 ...
I.H.117.Warren Buffett.Real Estate Agent
1、《1992 Steve Jobs.MIT Distinguished Speaker Series》 A software-only company could never afford to field a direct sales force. With average selling prices of $500 a software package, you could never afford 130 professionals in the field. With an ...
I.H.201.Warren Buffett.Mr.Market
市场先生的最大特征是碎片化。 1、《1988-02-29 Warren Buffett's Letters to Berkshire Shareholders》 Ben Graham, my friend and teacher, long ago described the mental attitude toward market fluctuations that I believe to be most conducive to investment success. He said ...
I.H.105.Warren Buffett.Media Companies
广告的本质是价值观,这个世界非常复杂,有大量的噪音,任何企业都做不到让消费者记住太多的信息,一个伟大的品牌必须清楚自己想传递的信息。 1、《1992-02-28 Warren Buffett's Letters to Berkshire Shareholders》 A Change in Media Economics and Some Valuation Math 媒体经济学的变化,以及一点估值算术 In last year’s report, I stated my opinion that ...
I.H.113.Warren Buffett.Consumer Products
有些消费品包含潜藏在大众心智中的资产。 1、《1787-12-05 Federalist No. 17 The Same Subject Continued: The Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union》 AN OBJECTION, of a nature different from that which has been stated and answered, in my last ...
I.H.202.Warren Buffett.Cost Of Capital
资本成本即第二好的想法。 1、《1996-05-06 Berkshire Hathaway Annual Meeting》 WARREN BUFFETT: Well, we — some of our businesses don’t need capital at all, or need so little that it doesn’t make sense to build it into a formula. WARREN ...
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