1995-10-01 Steve Jobs.I have changed my position 180 degrees.
Email Exchange Between Steve, Intel CEO Andy Grove, and an Intel Engineer
史蒂夫、英特尔首席执行官安迪-格鲁夫和一位英特尔工程师之间的电子邮件交流
“I have changed my position 180 degrees.”
"我已经180度改变了立场"。
As Pixar became a leader in graphics, Steve and his mentor, Intel CEO Andy Grove, discussed how Intel might learn from Pixar. When an Intel engineer tried to follow up, Steve resisted.
当皮克斯成为图形领域的佼佼者时，史蒂夫和他的导师、英特尔首席执行官安迪-格鲁夫（Andy Grove）讨论了英特尔如何向皮克斯学习。当一位英特尔工程师试图跟进时，史蒂夫拒绝了。
From: [Engineer 1 at Intel]
To: Steve Jobs
Cc: Andy Grove
Subject: Pixar-3D graphics
Date: September 22, 1995, 2:04 p.m.
Steve,
Andy asked me to look into what we should do in dramatically improving the Intel architecture platform’s 3D graphics performance. He indicated that you and key people at Pixar like Ed Catmull have lots of good ideas on what we should do in this area. I actually contacted Ed several months ago but he was real busy and cannot commit to meeting until after Sept. As you know, I am in charge of microprocessors at Intel.
安迪让我研究我们应该如何大幅提高英特尔架构平台的 3D 图形性能。他表示，你和皮克斯的关键人物（如埃德-卡特穆尔）在这方面有很多好主意。实际上，我几个月前就联系过埃德，但他非常忙，要到 9 月以后才能见面。
I have located several key Intel 3D experts. One of them, [Engineer 2], came from Sun over a year ago. I would like to have a meeting (at Next, Intel or Pixar) with you, Catmull, and others with me and our graphics experts to discuss your ideas and map out what our action plans are. I am in Tokyo next week but will be back in my office on Monday Oct. 2. I will ask my admin to contact your office to set that meeting up.
我找到了几位重要的英特尔 3D 专家。其中一位，[工程师 2] ，一年多以前从 Sun 公司来的。我希望（在 Next、英特尔或皮克斯）与您、卡特穆尔和其他人以及我和我们的图形专家举行一次会议，讨论您的想法并制定我们的行动计划。我下周在东京，但 10 月 2 日星期一就会回到办公室。
Thanks.
[Engineer 1]
From: Steve Jobs
To: [Engineer 1]
Subject: Pixar-3D graphics
Date: September 23, 1995, 7:11 p.m.
[Engineer 1],
Pixar does indeed possess the knowledge to enable Intel’s processors to render 3D graphics at much high performance and quality. These “secrets” could definitely make their way into future Intel general purpose processor hardware.
皮克斯确实掌握了让英特尔处理器以更高的性能和质量渲染 3D 图形的知识。这些 "秘密 "肯定会应用到英特尔未来的通用处理器硬件中。
We believe this single capability is the key for Intel to dramatically enlarge the PCs market share in the consumer market – by significantly surpassing the dedicated gaming machines (Sega, Nintendo, Playstation, etc) graphics capabilities.
我们相信，英特尔通过大幅超越专用游戏机（世嘉、任天堂、Playstation 等）的图形处理能力，极大地扩大了个人电脑在消费市场的份额，而这唯一的能力正是关键所在。
Pixar’s secrets were invented through significant investment over ten years or more, and we value them highly. Even without the secrets implemented in the processor, Pixar can gain significant competitive advantage and differentiation through implementing them in software. By disclosing the “correct” way to do high quality, high performance graphics, Pixar will lose much of this to any and all competitors, with no work on their part. Hence, the need for compensation.
皮克斯的秘密是通过十多年的大量投资发明的，我们非常珍视这些秘密。即使没有在处理器中实现这些秘密，皮克斯也可以通过在软件中实现这些秘密来获得显著的竞争优势和差异化。如果公开了制作高质量、高性能图形的 "正确 "方法，皮克斯就会在不付出任何努力的情况下，将这一优势拱手让给所有竞争对手。因此，他们需要补偿。
What does Intel propose to give Pixar for disclosing and licensing its secrets to Intel?
英特尔打算给皮克斯多少钱，以换取皮克斯向英特尔披露机密并授予许可？
Steve
From: [Engineer 1]
To: Steve Jobs
Cc: Andy Grove
Subject: Re: Pixar-3D graphics
Date: September 25, 1995, 11:22 a.m.
Steve,
We would very much like to have our meeting, but I will put that on hold based on your input. We talked to many key people on ideas to improve the microprocessor capability with the aim that this will benefit the whole industry, and everyone will benefit. We have not entered into any financial arrangement in exchange for good ideas for our microprocessors in the past and have no intention for the future.
我们非常希望召开会议，但我会根据你们的意见暂时搁置会议。我们与许多关键人物讨论了提高微处理器能力的想法，目的是让整个行业受益，让每个人都受益。我们过去没有以任何财务安排来换取微处理器的好点子，将来也不会这样做。
[Engineer 1]
From: Steve Jobs
To: [Engineer 1]
Cc: Andy Grove
Subject: Re: Pixar-3D graphics
Date: September 25, 1995, 5:29 p.m.
This approach has not served you well in the past, as evidenced by your poor graphics architectures and performance. Maybe you should think of changing it for the future…
从你们糟糕的图形架构和性能就可以看出，这种方法在过去并没有得到很好的应用。也许你们今后应该考虑改变这种做法...
Steve
From: Steve Jobs
To: Andy Grove
Subject: Re: Pixar-3D graphics
Date: September 25, 1995, 10:27 p.m.
Andy,
Maybe it’s just me, but I find [Engineer 1]’s approach extremely arrogant, given Intel’s (his?) dismal showing in understanding computer graphics architectural issues in the past…
也许只是我的错觉，但鉴于英特尔公司（他？）过去在理解计算机图形架构问题上的糟糕表现，我觉得 [工程师 1] 的做法极其傲慢...
真人版的《星球大战》，这是年轻的天行者。
If I were going to make hundreds of millions of something, I sure as hell would be willing to pay for the best advice money could buy… Any[way], this isn’t a sales pitch; I just wanted you to know what I thought, as always.
如果我要赚上亿的钱，我肯定愿意花钱买最好的建议......总之，这不是推销，我只是想让你知道我的想法，一如既往。
Best,
Steve
From: Andy Grove
To: Steve Jobs
Subject: Re[2]: Pixar-3D graphics
Date: September 26, 1995, 3:12 p.m.
Steve,
I am firmly on [Engineer 1]’s side on this one. He is taking your offer to help us very seriously, rounded up the best technical people and was ready to go when you introduced a brand new element into the discussion: money.
在这个问题上，我坚定地站在 [工程师 1] 这一边。他非常认真地对待你提出的帮助我们的建议，召集了最好的技术人员，并在你为讨论引入一个全新的因素：钱时做好了准备。
You and I have talked many times about this subject; you never suggested or hinted at this being a commercial exchange. I took your offer to help us exactly as that: help, not an offer of a commercial relationship.
你我已经就这个问题谈过很多次了；你从未建议或暗示过这是一种商业交换。我把你的帮助完全理解为：帮助，而不是建立商业关系。
You may remember, that from time to time I offered suggestions that pertained to your business. Examples range from porting NextStep to the 486 - - which was in our interest too - - to my presentation to your staff on repositioning NextStep beyond that. I am not suggesting that these are comparable in value to your expertise in graphics, but I gave what I had, put some thought into the problem I saw you were facing - - and it never entered my mind to charge for it. In my view, that’s what friendly companies (and friends) do for each other. In the long run, these things balance out.
您可能还记得，我曾不时提出与贵公司业务相关的建议。从将 NextStep 移植到 486 --这也符合我们的利益 --到我向贵公司员工介绍 NextStep 的重新定位。我并不是说这些与你们在图形方面的专业知识价值不相上下，但我提供了我所拥有的一切，对我看到的你们所面临的问题进行了一些思考，而且我从未想过要为此收费。在我看来，这就是友好公司（和朋友）之间的相互帮助。从长远来看，这些事情都是平衡的。
I am sorry you don’t feel that way. We will be worse off as a result, and so will the industry.
很遗憾你不这么认为。我们会因此而变得更糟，整个行业也会如此。
Regards,
a
From: Steve Jobs
To: Andy Grove
Subject: Re[2]: Pixar-3D graphics
Date: October 1, 1995, 3:50 p.m.
Andy,
I have many faults, but one of them is not ingratitude. And, I do agree with you that “In the long run, these things balance out.”
我有很多缺点，但其中之一不是忘恩负义。而且，我同意你说的 "从长远来看，这些事情都是平衡的"。
Therefore, I have changed my position 180 degrees - - we will freely help [Engineer 1] make his processors much better for 3D graphics. Please ask [Engineer 1] to call me, and we will arrange for a meeting as soon as the appropriate Pixar technical folks can be freed up from the film.
因此，我的立场发生了 180 度的改变--我们将无偿帮助 [工程师 1] 使他的处理器在 3D 图形方面更加出色。请让[工程师 1]给我打电话，一旦皮克斯的相关技术人员能从电影中腾出时间，我们将尽快安排会面。
Thanks for the clearer perspective.
感谢您提供了更清晰的视角。
在得到“更清晰的视角”，会不会觉得更清晰？价值投资提供更简单、更容易的视角，问题是想不到那么远（算5年、10年，甚至30年的账），短期噪音很多（因为即时满足总是处于生存的边缘）。
Steve
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