I.H.128.Right Business.Steve Jobs.closed versus open
开源的好处是借助其他人的智慧，有可能的问题是一开始就缺乏信心（认为自己不够好，需要借助“陌生人的善意”），这样的错误只会越滚越大，就像是掉在地上的苹果，一开始有一个小的烂疤，然后越来越大。
CHARLIE MUNGER: Yeah. I think that’s exactly right. There are two things: the quality of the business and the quality of the management.
查理·芒格：是的。我认为这完全正确。有两件事：业务的质量和管理的质量。
And if the business is good enough, it will carry a lousy manager. And the converse case, where a really good manager gets in a really lousy business, he’ll ordinarily have a very imperfect record.
如果业务足够好，它可以容忍一个糟糕的经理。反过来，一个非常优秀的经理进入一个非常糟糕的业务，他通常会有一个非常不完美的记录。
In other words, it’s a rare person that can take over a textile business, totally doomed, which is what Warren did in his youthful folly —
换句话说，很少有人能够接手一个完全注定失败的纺织业务，这就是沃伦在年轻时的愚蠢行为——
WARREN BUFFETT: Right. 沃伦·巴菲特：对。
CHARLIE MUNGER: — and turn it into what’s happened here. You should not be looking for other Warrens on the theory they’re under every bush.
查理·芒格：——并将其转化为这里发生的事情。你不应该根据他们在每个角落都存在的理论去寻找其他的沃伦。
WARREN BUFFETT: I figured it out in 20 years, though. I’ll have to say that for myself. (Laughs)
沃伦·巴菲特：不过，我在 20 年内想明白了。我得为自己说这一点。（笑）
Twenty years, and I finally figured out I was in the wrong business.
二十年后，我终于明白我选错了行业。
But there are businesses — if you gave me first draft pick of all the CEOs in America and said it’s your job to run Ford Motor now or, you know, pick a company that’s in a terribly tough business, you know, I wouldn’t do it.
但是有些企业——如果你让我从所有美国的首席执行官中挑选第一顺位，并说现在你的工作是经营福特汽车公司，或者选择一家处于极其艰难行业的公司，我不会去做。
I mean, that it’s just too tough. They may get it solved, you know, if they get cooperation from unions and a whole bunch of things, but it will not be solely in the control of the CEO who has that job.
我的意思是，这实在是太难了。你知道，如果他们得到工会和一大堆事情的合作，他们可能会解决这个问题，但这不会仅仅由担任该职位的首席执行官控制。
He is dependent on too many good things happening outside to say that he alone can get the job, even if he’s the best in the world.
他过于依赖外界的好事来临，无法仅凭自己就能好这份工作，即使他是世界上最优秀的。
乔布斯回到苹果后再不想做To B的业务，他认为To C才是他真正想做的。
2、《2010-10-18 Apple Inc. (AAPL) Q4 2010 Earnings Call Transcript》
Google loves to characterize Android as open, and iOS and iPhone as closed. We find this a bit disingenuous and clouding the real difference between our two approaches. The first thing most of us think about when we hear the work open is Windows which is available on a variety of devices. Unlike Windows, however, where most pc's have the same user interface and run the same app, Android is very fragmented. Many Android OEMs, including the two largest, HTC and Motorola install proprietary user interfaces to differentiate themselves from the commodity Android experience. The users will have to figure it all out. Compare this with iPhone, where every handset works the same.
谷歌喜欢把 Android 说成是开放的，而把 iOS 和 iPhone 说成是封闭的。我们认为这种说法有点虚伪，掩盖了我们两种方法之间的真正区别。听到 "开放 "这个词，我们大多数人首先想到的是 Windows，它可以在各种设备上使用。但与 Windows 不同的是，大多数 PC 都有相同的用户界面，运行相同的应用程序，而 Android 却非常分散。许多 Android OEM 厂商，包括最大的两家，宏达电和摩托罗拉，都安装了专有的用户界面，以区别于普通的 Android 体验。用户必须自己摸索。与 iPhone 相比，iPhone 的每部手机都是一样的。
相比于Google，微软更有能力统一规则，可能跟进入时间有关，也可能是号召力和实力不够。
Twitter client, Twitter Deck, recently launched their app for Android. They reported that they had to contend with more than 100 different versions of Android software on 244 different handsets. The multiple hardware and software iterations present developers with a daunting challenge. Many Android apps work only on selected Android handsets running selected Android versions. And this is for handsets that have been shipped less than 12 months ago. Compare this with iPhone, where there are two versions of the software, the current and the most recent predecessor to test against.
Twitter 客户端 Twitter Deck 最近推出了他们的 Android 应用程序。他们报告说，他们必须应对 244 种不同手机上 100 多个不同版本的安卓软件。多种硬件和软件迭代给开发人员带来了严峻的挑战。许多 Android 应用程序只能在运行特定 Android 版本的特定 Android 手机上运行。而这些手机的出货时间还不到 12 个月。与 iPhone 相比，iPhone 有两个版本的软件，一个是当前版本，另一个是最新的前代版本。
对现实的感受能力，Cook已经很不错，但是跟Jobs比较还是差很多。
In addition to Google's own app marketplace, Amazon, Verizon and Vodafone have all announced that they are creating their own app stores for Android. So there will be at least four app stores on Android, which customers must search among to find the app they want and developers will need to work with to distribute their apps and get paid. This is going to be a mess for both users and developers. Contrast this with Apple's integrated App Store, which offers users the easiest-to-use largest app store in the world, preloaded on every iPhone. Apple's App Store has over three times as many apps as Google's marketplace and offers developers' one-stop shopping to get their apps to market easily and to get paid swiftly.
除了谷歌自己的应用程序市场，亚马逊、Verizon 和沃达丰都宣布将为安卓系统创建自己的应用程序商店。因此，安卓系统上将至少有四家应用程序商店，用户必须通过搜索才能找到他们想要的应用程序，而开发者则需要与这些商店合作来发布他们的应用程序并获得报酬。这对用户和开发者来说都将是一团糟。相比之下，苹果公司的集成 App Store 为用户提供了世界上最易于使用的最大应用程序商店，每部 iPhone 都预装了该商店。苹果 App Store 的应用程序数量是谷歌市场的三倍多，为开发者提供一站式服务，让他们可以轻松将应用程序推向市场，并迅速获得报酬。
Even if Google were right, and the real issue is closed versus open, it is worthwhile to remember that open systems don't always win. Take Microsoft's PlaysForSure music strategy, which use the PC model, which Android uses as well, of separating the software components from the hardware components. Even Microsoft finally abandoned this open strategy in favor of copying Apple's integrated approach with their Zoom Player, unfortunately leaving their OEMs empty-handed in the process. Google flirted with this integrated approach with their Nexus One phone.
即使谷歌是对的，真正的问题是封闭与开放，但值得记住的是，开放系统并不总是赢家。就拿微软的 PlaysForSure 音乐战略来说，它采用的是 PC 模式，而 Android 也采用了这种模式，即把软件组件与硬件组件分离开来。甚至微软最终也放弃了这种开放式战略，转而复制苹果公司的集成式方法，推出了 Zoom Player，但遗憾的是，在这一过程中，他们的 OEM 厂商两手空空。谷歌曾在其 Nexus One 手机上尝试过这种集成方法。
In reality, we think the open versus closed argument is just a smokescreen to try and hide the real issue, which is, what's best for the customer, fragmented versus integrated. We think Android is very, very fragmented and becoming more fragmented by the day. And as you know, Apple's strives for the integrated model so that the user isn't forced to be the systems integrator.
实际上，我们认为开放与封闭的争论只是一个烟雾弹，它试图掩盖真正的问题，即什么对客户最好，碎片化还是集成化。我们认为，安卓系统非常非常碎片化，而且日趋碎片化。正如你所知道的，苹果公司致力于集成模式，这样用户就不会被迫成为系统集成商。
不能集成化就会碎片化，“If you’re not busy being born, you’re busy dying”，巴菲特的原话是：“both good and bad cultures self-select to perpetuate themselves. ”，意思是好的和坏的都是一条道走到底的，现实给我们的意义是大部分都是十分明显的坏。
We see tremendous value in having Apple rather than our users' be the systems integrator. We think this is a huge strength of our approach compared to Google's. When selling to users who want their devices to just work, we believe integrated will trump fragmented every time. And we also think our developers can be more innovative if they can target a singular platform rather than a hundred variants. They can put their time into innovative new features rather than testing on hundreds of different handsets.
我们认为，让苹果公司而不是我们的用户成为系统集成商具有巨大的价值。与谷歌相比，我们认为这是我们的一大优势。当我们向那些只想让自己的设备能正常工作的用户销售产品时，我们相信整合的产品永远胜过碎片化的产品。我们还认为，如果我们的开发者能瞄准一个单一的平台，而不是上百种变体，他们就能更具创新性。他们可以把时间花在创新的新功能上，而不是在数百种不同的手机上进行测试。
So we are very committed to the integrated approach, no matter how many times Google tries to characterize it as closed. And we are confident that it will triumph over Google's fragmented approach, no matter how many times Google tries to characterize it as open.
因此，无论谷歌多少次试图将其描述为封闭式，我们都将坚定不移地采用集成式方法。我们坚信，无论谷歌如何将其说成是开放的，它都将战胜谷歌的分散方法。
3、《2025-01-29 Meta Platforms, Inc. (META) Q4 2024 Earnings Call Transcript》
Mark Zuckerberg
Yes. I mean on open source, I think the best analogy for us is what we did with open compute, where we weren't first to building the system.
是的，我认为对于开源，最好的类比是我们当初在 Open Compute 项目上的做法。当时，我们并不是第一个开发该系统的公司。
So then by the time that we got around to building it, it wasn't really a big advantage to have it be proprietary. So we shared it.
所以，当我们最终开始开发时，专有化并没有太大优势，因此我们选择了开放共享。
And then a lot of the industry adopted what we were doing, contributed innovations back to it.
随后，许多行业参与者采用了我们的方案，并为其贡献了创新。
By standardizing it on it, that meant that a bunch of supply chain standardized on building it, which made prices more efficient for everyone.
随着行业标准的确立，供应链也开始围绕这一标准进行优化，使得成本更具效率，对整个行业都有利。
I think what we see here is as Llama becomes more used, it's more likely, for example, that silicon providers and others -- other APIs and developer platforms will optimize their work more for that and basically drive down the costs of using it and drive improvements that we can, in some cases, use too.
我们在 Llama 方面看到的情况是，随着它的使用范围扩大，越来越多的芯片供应商、API 提供商和开发者平台可能会围绕 Llama 进行优化，从而降低使用成本，同时也带来改进，而这些改进在某些情况下，我们也能受益。
开源的好处是吸收其他人的智慧，坏处是容易碎片化，更为本质的是一开始就缺乏信心的危害是非常严重的，这样的错误只会越滚越大。
So I think that the strategy will continue to be effective, and yes, I mean, I continue to be optimistic on this.
因此，我认为这种策略将继续奏效，并且我对这一方向保持乐观。
I think it's kind of -- I think it's working.
我认为它正在发挥作用。
I also just think in light of some of the recent news, the new competitor DeepSeek from China, I think it also just puts -- it's one of the things that we're talking about is there's going to be an open source standard globally.
此外，考虑到最近的一些新闻，比如来自中国的竞争对手 DeepSeek，这也让我们更加关注全球开源标准的制定。
And I think for our kind of national advantage, it's important that it's an American standard.
从国家竞争力的角度来看，我们认为确保这一标准是美国主导的至关重要。
So we take that seriously, and we want to build the AI system that people around the world are using and I think that if anything, some of the recent news has only strengthened our conviction that this is the right thing for us to be focused on.
因此，我们对此非常重视，并希望构建一个全球用户都在使用的 AI 体系。事实上，最近的一些动态只会让我们更加坚定，认为这是我们应该专注投入的正确方向。
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