电视节目转录：第一部分

Hi, I'm Bob Cringely - and I'm here to tell you the incredible story of how personal computers took over the world. Why am I telling you this at a basketball game? Well, I like the game - but mainly it's because of that guy down there. His name is Paul Allen and everything you see here belongs to him -- the Portland Trailblazer's basketball team, their arena, even the dancers. Thanks to personal computers, he has $8 billion to spend on such toys. Twenty years ago Allen and his high school friend, Bill Gates, were running a two-man software company called Microsoft. Today Allen is richer than God and Gates is richer than Allen. Twenty years ago, young men like Paul Allen and Bill Gates invented the personal computer and in doing so launched a revolution that's changed the way we live, work and communicate. It's hard to believe that twenty years ago there were no personal computers, now it's the third largest industry in the world, somewhere between energy production and illegal drugs but the most amazing thing of all is that it happened by accident because a bunch of disenfranchised nerds wanted to impress their friends. This is the story of how a handful of guys launched an industrial revolution. How they changed the culture of business, how they made history.

Hi，我是 Bob Cringely - 我在这里告诉你这个不可思议的 个人计算机如何占领世界的故事。为什么我 在篮球比赛中告诉你这个？嗯，我喜欢这场比赛—— 但主要是因为下面那个人。他的名字是保罗。 艾伦和你在这里看到的一切都属于他——波特兰 开拓者的篮球队，他们的球馆，甚至还有舞者。 多亏了个人电脑，他有 80 亿美元可以花在这上面 玩具。二十年前，艾伦和他的高中朋友比尔 盖茨经营着一家名为微软的两人软件公司。 今天艾伦比上帝更富有，而盖茨比艾伦更富有。 二十年前，像保罗·艾伦和比尔·盖茨这样的年轻人 发明了个人电脑，并因此启动了一个 革命改变了我们的生活、工作和交流方式。 很难相信二十年前还没有个人 计算机，现在是世界第三大产业， 介于能源生产和非法药物之间，但 最令人惊奇的是，这一切都是偶然发生的，因为 一群被剥夺权利的书呆子想给他们的朋友留下深刻印象。 这是关于一小群人如何启动一个工业的故事 革命。他们如何改变了商业文化，他们如何 创造了历史。

Steve Jobs 史蒂夫·乔布斯

Co-founder, Apple Computer

联合创始人，苹果电脑

Worth $1 billion 价值 10 亿美元

I feel incredibly lucky to be at exactly the right place in Silicon Valley, at exactly the right time historically where this invention has, has taken form.

我感到非常幸运，正好在正确的地方 硅谷，正好处于这个历史时期，正是这个地方 发明已经形成。

Steve Wozniak 史蒂夫·沃兹尼亚克

Co-founder Apple Computer

苹果电脑联合创始人

Worth $200 million 价值 2 亿美元

It wasn't like we both thought it was going to go a long ways, it was like, we'll both do it for fun and even though we're goin' to lose some money probably we'll just have been able to say we had a company.

这并不像我们俩以为的那样会走很远，它 就像是，我们俩都会为了好玩而去做，尽管我们要去 可能会损失一些钱，但我们至少可以说我们曾经拥有过 公司。

Bill Gates 比尔·盖茨

Co-founder, Microsoft 联合创始人，微软

Worth $13 billion 价值 130 亿美元

Now all of us would get together and just hope we were right that the PC would become a big thing.

现在我们所有人都会聚在一起，只希望我们是对的 个人电脑将成为一件大事。

Steve Ballmer 史蒂夫·鲍尔默

Vice President Microsoft 微软副总裁

Worth $3 billion 价值 30 亿美元

You know I stop and say wow the PC really has become part of the very fabric of the way people live and we certainly surged with it. I used to stop and say hmmm pretty incredible ride.

你知道我停下来感叹，电脑真的已经成为非常重要的一部分 人们生活的方式的结构，我们当然也随之激增。我用 停下来，感叹道，嗯，真是一次不可思议的旅程。

Most of these people come from the place I call home, the Silicon Valley, south of San Francisco, California. Growing-up here near the electronics companies that give the place its name, these founders of the PC revolution were for the most part middle class white kids from good suburban homes. But it's not their homes we're interested in -- it's their garages. This is my garage and this is all my junk. I'm probably one of the few guys in Silicon Valley who actually has room in his garage for a car, most everyone else seems to use theirs to start computer companies and create great fortunes, but I don't have a fortune - I'm a failure, I've written computer programmes that almost ran and I've designed and built hardware devices that frankly didn't work at all but I'm the ideal guy to tell the story of the personal computer business because I'm its premier gossip columnist and everyone tells me all their secrets. And this is my home where I write a gossip column for a computing magazine. Sorry about the mess. Institutions in constant change like the PC industry are driven by rumor and gossip and I thrive on both. My electronic mail address is deluged with inside information about everything from product flaws to who's sleeping with whom. What ties these gossipers together is a desire for truth. These people and their love of technology have fueled the PC revolution. To understand them is to understand that revolution. So let's go find some.

这些人中的大多数来自我称之为家的地方，硅谷 山谷，位于加利福尼亚州旧金山以南。在这里长大，靠近 电子公司赋予该地其名称，这些创始人 个人电脑革命主要是由中产阶级的白人孩子推动的 优质的郊区住宅。但我们感兴趣的不是他们的家—— 这是他们的车库。这是我的车库，这是我所有的杂物。我是 可能是硅谷为数不多的真正有空间的人之一 在他的车库里放一辆车，几乎所有其他人似乎都用他们的车库来 创办计算机公司并创造巨大财富，但我没有一个 运气 - 我是个失败者，我写过几乎能运行的计算机程序 跑步和我设计并制造了硬件设备，坦率地说没有 工作完全不适合我，但我是讲述个人故事的理想人选 电脑行业，因为我是首屈一指的八卦专栏作家，大家都知道我 告诉我他们所有的秘密。这是我写八卦的家。 计算杂志的专栏。对混乱感到抱歉。机构在 像个人电脑行业这样的持续变化是由谣言和八卦推动的 我在两者中都茁壮成长。我的电子邮件地址被内部邮件淹没。 关于从产品缺陷到谁和谁在一起的所有信息。 将这些八卦者联系在一起的是对真相的渴望。这些人 他们对技术的热爱推动了个人电脑革命。要理解 他们是要理解那场革命。所以让我们去找一些。

Meet Edwin Chin on a Saturday morning at the Weird Stuff Warehouse. This could be 1976 or 1996 because there is always a new generation of techies like Edwin who hear the calling. Most other kids are watching TV, but not Edwin.

在一个星期六的早晨，在怪物仓库见到埃德温·陈。 可能是 1976 年或 1996 年，因为总有新一代的技术人员 像埃德温这样听到召唤的人。大多数其他孩子都在看电视，但不是。 埃德温。

Edwin: You know I've been interested in electronics and technology as a hobby since I started when I was like six or seven you know.

埃德温：你知道我一直对电子和技术感兴趣，作为一个 自从我大概六七岁开始以来的爱好，你知道的。

Q: How old are you now, Edwin?

你现在多大了，埃德温？

A: Ten, right now. A: 现在是十点。

It's no coincidence that the only woman in the vicinity looks bored, because this is a boy thing -- the obsession of a particular type of boy who would rather struggle with an electronic box than with a world of unpredictable people. We call them engineers, programmers, hackers, and techies, but mainly we call them nerds.

这不是巧合，附近唯一的女人看起来很无聊 因为这是男孩的事情——某种特定类型男孩的痴迷 谁宁愿与一个电子盒子斗争，而不是与一个世界斗争 不可预测的人。我们称他们为工程师、程序员、黑客，以及 技术人员，但我们主要称他们为书呆子。

Douglas Adams 道格拉斯·亚当斯

Sci-fi author 科幻作家

I think a nerd is a person who uses the telephone to talk to other people about telephones. And a computer nerd therefore is somebody who uses a computer in order to use a computer.

我认为书呆子是用电话与他人交谈的人 关于电话。因此，电脑极客是指使用电脑的人。 为了使用计算机而使用计算机。

Christine Comaford 克里斯汀·科马福德

CEO Corporate Computing Int.

首席执行官企业计算公司

And people have different degrees of passion and different types of passion. Some people like just live databases, like 5th normal form is just like nirvana, they just quest for it you know, that's like what gets them up in the morning.

人们有不同程度的热情和不同类型的热情。 有些人喜欢实时数据库，就像第五范式一样 涅槃，他们只是追求它，你知道，那就是让他们振作起来的原因 早晨。

Q: What do your friends think of you?

问：你的朋友们怎么看你？

Edwin: Boy, he's a nerd. Yeah, but I don't mind, I'm used to being called a nerd, can't have other people stop your dreams.

埃德温：男孩，他是个书呆子。是的，但我不介意，我已经习惯被这样称呼。 书呆子，不能让别人阻止你的梦想。

And in Silicon Valley the dream is to grow up to become a boy like this.... Graham Spencer is chief programmer for Architext Software -- six guys who graduated from Stanford University and started a company just because they like each other. This is a modern-day startup, but at heart it's no different from PC pioneers like Apple, or Microsoft -- nerds who share a dream. Their hobby is their business and the culture they've created is identical to that of a thousand other technology companies. First, they dumped the idea of nine to five. In this industry, you can work any 80 hours per week you like.

在硅谷，梦想是长大后成为这样一个男孩…… 格雷厄姆·斯宾塞是 Architext 软件的首席程序员——六个家伙，他们 毕业于斯坦福大学并创办了一家公司，只是因为他们 彼此喜欢。这是一家现代初创公司，但在本质上它并不是 与苹果或微软等 PC 先驱不同——这些是分享的书呆子 梦想。他们的爱好就是他们的事业，他们创造的文化是 与其他一千家科技公司相同。首先，他们 抛弃了朝九晚五的想法。在这个行业，你可以在任何 80 每周工作小时数随你喜欢。

Mark Van Haren 马克·范·哈伦

Programmer, Architext 程序员，建筑师

And then I've got my cap which I use to cover my eyes and (Oh yes) sleep in the early morning while everybody is coming in.

然后我有我的帽子，我用它来遮住眼睛，（哦，是的）睡觉 清晨时分，当大家都进来的时候。

Bill Gates 比尔·盖茨

We didn't even obey a 24 hour clock, we'd come in and programme for a couple of days straight. We'd - you know, four or five of us, when it was time to eat we'd all get in our cars, kind of race over to the restaurant and sit and talk about what we were doing, sometimes I'd get excited talking about things, I'd forget to eat, but then you know, we'd just go back and programme some more. It was us and our friends - those were fun days.

我们甚至没有遵循 24 小时制，我们会进来编程一个 连续几天。我们——你知道，四五个人，当时是 吃饭的时候，我们都会开车，有点像比赛一样赶到餐馆 坐下来谈论我们在做什么，有时我会感到兴奋 谈论事情时，我会忘记吃饭，但你知道，我们就会继续 回来再多编程一些。那是我们和我们的朋友——那些日子很有趣。

Mat Hostetter 马特·霍斯特特

Programmer, ARDI 程序员，ARDI

BOB: Let's look in the refrigerator. Woah! We have coke and cold pizza.

BOB：我们看看冰箱里有什么。哇！我们有可乐和冷披萨。

MAT: I drink about two litres of coke a day.

马特：我每天喝大约两升可乐。

BOB: Two litres of coke a day and do you like think of it as brain food?

鲍勃：每天两升可乐，你会把它当作脑力食物吗？

MAT: It keeps me going you know, that and listening to heavy metal, and get caffeinated and hack.

MAT：你知道，这让我坚持下去，还有听重金属音乐，以及得到 含咖啡因和破解。

Steve Wozniak 史蒂夫·沃兹尼亚克

I'd sit down in my room on the floor with sheets of paper spread all around with my computer design I was working on. And always I noticed that I was up pretty late at night and I had lots of cokes - it's just part of that life.

我会坐在房间的地板上，周围铺满了纸张 我正在处理的电脑设计。并且我总是注意到我在 晚上很晚才睡，我喝了很多可乐——这只是那种生活的一部分。

Doug Muise 道格·缪斯

Software designer 软件设计师

A combination of stale pizza and body odour and spilt cola kinda ground in to the rug.

陈旧的披萨、体味和洒出的可乐混合在一起的味道 到地毯上。

Joe Krause 乔·克劳斯

President Architext 总统建筑师

I brought some spaghetti to work and then forgot to wash out the container for the last couple of days, maybe six or seven if I had to be honest. Ooh, that smells bad.

我带了一些意大利面到工作地点，然后忘记清洗容器 在过去的几天里，如果我要诚实的话，可能是六七天。哦， 那闻起来很糟糕。

Doug Muise 道格·缪斯

Eating, bathing, having a girlfriend, having an active social life is incidental, it gets in the way of code time. Writing code is the primary force that drives our lives so anything that interrupts that is is wasteful.

吃饭、洗澡、有女朋友、拥有活跃的社交生活是 偶然的，它妨碍了编码时间。编写代码是主要的。 驱动我们生活的力量，所以任何干扰都是浪费的。

What is it about the internal logic of a computer that's so enticing? For one thing, such logic CAN be understood -- as opposed to things that can't be understood at all, like the motivations of young women, say, or of the French. Let me explain....Time for the Cringely crash course in basic computers, Part 1. This is a mainframe computer - all of these cabinets are one machine. In the old days all computers were this size they were tended by engineers in white coats a kind of priesthood who took their jobs very seriously. Now all computers work pretty much the same, whether it's a giant that serves two thousand users like this one, or a little notebook that serves only me. They process numerical data - adding, multiplying, comparing, - the fact is if you can quantify it a computer can handle it. It's the emotional stuff they don't know what to do with. The data must be put into a special binary code consisting only of ones and zeros. And you have to give the computer instructions, also in code, to tell it exactly what to do wth the data and in what order. These instructions are called a program. In the early days, you put in the instructions by flipping switches or loaded them from paper tape. This was called machine language. It made computers a pain to use. Even worse, every type of computer spoke a different machine language. The ENIAC could compute the thirty second trajectory of a shell in twenty seconds. Operators required two days to program it do so. Then a US Navy captain named Grace Hopper solved the problem. She invented a computer language, English words that the computer itself could translate into binary code. Now users could type whole lists of instructions into a computer rather than flipping those damned switches. Like most things having to do with computers,that first language had a silly name - COBOL. It was followed by other languages like FORTRAN and BASIC and they all made computing just a bit more user-friendly. So when some nerd tells you he's been up all night programming or writing software or hacking code, what he really means is he's been typing long lists of instructions into his computer. Mainframe computers were far from personal. They sat in big air-conditioned rooms at insurance companies, phone companies, and the bank, and their main function was to get us confused with some other guy named Cringely, who was a deadbeat and had a criminal record. Eventually computer terminals did begin to appear in some schools, but most of us paid no attention. But there was usually one kid who did pay attention, falling in love with the digital purity of those ones and zeros. He was the nerd.

是什么让计算机的内部逻辑如此吸引人？ 首先，这种逻辑是可以理解的——与那些无法理解的事物相反 完全无法理解，比如年轻女性的动机，或者 法语。让我解释一下……是时候进行 Cringely 的基础速成课程了。 计算机，第一部分。这是一台大型主机计算机——所有这些机柜都是 一台机器。过去所有的计算机都是这个大小的，它们被照料。 由穿白大褂的工程师组成的一种神职人员，他们非常认真地对待自己的工作 认真地说。现在所有的计算机基本上都一样工作，无论它是一个巨大的计算机。 为两千个这样的用户服务，或者一个小笔记本电脑服务 只有我。他们处理数值数据——加法、乘法、比较，—— 事实是，如果你能量化它，计算机就能处理它。这是情感的部分。 他们不知道如何处理的东西。数据必须放入一个特殊的 二进制代码仅由 1 和 0 组成。你必须给计算机 指令，也在代码中，准确地告诉它如何处理数据和在 什么顺序。这些指令被称为程序。在早期，你 通过拨动开关输入指令或从纸带加载指令。 这被称为机器语言。它使计算机使用起来很麻烦。更糟糕的是， 每种类型的计算机都有不同的机器语言。ENIAC 可以 在二十秒内计算炮弹的三十二秒轨迹。操作员 需要两天时间来编程。然后，一位名叫格蕾丝的美国海军上尉 霍珀解决了这个问题。她发明了一种计算机语言，即英语单词。 计算机本身可以翻译成二进制代码。现在用户可以 将整套指令输入计算机，而不是翻阅那些指令 该死的开关。就像大多数与计算机有关的事情一样，最初 语言有一个滑稽的名字——COBOL。随后出现了其他语言，如 FORTRAN 和 BASIC，它们都使计算变得更加用户友好。 所以当有书呆子告诉你他熬夜编程或写作时 软件或黑客代码，他真正的意思是他一直在输入长长的列表 指令输入到他的计算机中。大型机计算机远非个人计算机。 他们坐在保险公司、电话公司的大型空调房间里， 和银行，他们的主要功能是让我们与其他人混淆 一个叫克林杰利的家伙，他是个游手好闲的人，还有犯罪记录。最终 计算机终端确实开始出现在一些学校，但我们大多数人都付出了代价 没有注意。但通常有一个孩子确实注意到了，陷入了 迷恋那些零和一的数字纯净。他是个书呆子。

Steve Wozniak 史蒂夫·沃兹尼亚克

And I took this book home that described the PDP 8 computer and it just...oh, it was just like a bible to me. I mean, all these things that for some reason I'd fallen in love with, like you might fall in love with a card game called Magic, or you might fall in love with doing crossword puzzles or something else, or playing a musical instrument, I fell in love with these little descriptions of computers on their insides, and it was a little mathematics, I could work out some problems on paper and solve it and see how it's done, and I could come up with my own solutions and feel good inside.

我把这本描述 PDP 8 计算机的书带回家，它就……哦， 这对我来说就像一本圣经。我的意思是，所有这些事情对某些人来说 我爱上的原因，就像你可能会爱上一种纸牌游戏一样 称为魔法，或者你可能会爱上做填字游戏，或者 其他的东西，或者演奏乐器，我爱上了这些 计算机内部的小描述，它有点 数学，我可以在纸上计算一些问题并解决它，看看如何 完成了，我可以想出自己的解决方案，并感到内心愉悦。

Steve Jobs 史蒂夫·乔布斯

So you would keyboard these commands in and then you would wait for a while and then the thing would go dadadadadada and it would tell you something out but even with that it was still remarkable - especially for a ten year old, that you could write a programme in Basic let's say or Fortran and actually this machine would sort of take your idea and it would sort of execute your idea and give you back some results and if they were the results that you predicted your program really worked it was an incredibly thrilling experience.

所以你会输入这些命令，然后等待一会儿 然后那个东西就会发出哒哒哒哒哒的声音，然后告诉你一些事情 但即便如此，这仍然是非凡的——尤其是对于一个十岁的孩子来说， 你可以用 Basic 或 Fortran 编写一个程序并且实际上 这台机器会有点像是把你的想法拿来，然后有点像是执行你的想法 想法，并给你一些结果，如果这些结果是你所希望的 预测你的程序真的有效，这是一段令人难以置信的激动人心的经历。

Nerds wanted their own computers right from the beginning, but it took a technological breakthrough to make that possible. This is it the chip the microprocessor, this is what allows you to have a mainframe computer on your desk. In the 1950s mainframes were as big as this garage and that's because they were filled with thousands of these - vacuum tubes or valves. Eventually the valves were made much smaller and replaced with transistors - still too big however to make a computer that could fit on your desk. What that took was further miniaturisation. Here we have a single piece of silicon etched with thousands of transistors. This microprocessor holds more than a million transistors and that's the secret of the personal computer and that's why they call it silicon valley not computer valley. These are the people who invented the microprocessor -- Intel. Intel was started 28 years ago by a handful of guys after a row with their old boss. Their microprocessors today power 85 percent of the world's computers. Intel not only invented the chip, they are responsible for the laid-back Silicon Valley working style. Everyone was on a first-name basis. There were no reserved parking places, no offices, only cubicles. It's still true today. Here's the chairman's cubicle.

从一开始，极客们就想要拥有自己的电脑，但这需要一个 技术突破使其成为可能。这就是芯片。 微处理器，这就是让你在你的设备上拥有大型机计算机的原因 桌子。在 20 世纪 50 年代，大型机和这个车库一样大，那是因为 它们装满了成千上万这样的真空管或阀门。最终 阀门被做得更小并被晶体管取代 - 仍然太 然而，要制造一台可以放在桌子上的计算机，这需要什么。 进一步的小型化。在这里，我们有一块蚀刻的硅片。 拥有数千个晶体管。这个微处理器包含超过一百万个晶体管。 晶体管，这就是个人电脑的秘密，这就是为什么 他们称之为硅谷，而不是计算机谷。这些是那些人。 发明微处理器 -- 英特尔。英特尔是由一位 28 年前创立的。 几个人在与他们的老老板争吵后。今天他们的微处理器 为世界上 85%的计算机提供动力。英特尔不仅发明了芯片， 他们是悠闲的硅谷工作风格的责任人。每个人 彼此直呼其名。没有预留的停车位，没有办公室， 只有隔间。今天仍然如此。这是主席的隔间。

BOB: Knock, knock I knocked at the door but there's no door. Gordon Moore is one of the Intel founders worth $3 billion. With money like that, I'd have a door.

BOB：敲，敲。我敲了敲门，但没有门。戈登·摩尔是 英特尔创始人之一，身价 30 亿美元。有了那样的钱，我会有一扇门。

Gordon Moore 戈登·摩尔

Co-founder, Intel 联合创始人，英特尔

In a business like this the people with the power are the ones that have the understanding of what's going on, not necessarily the ones on top. And it's very important that those people that have the knowledge are the ones that make the decisions. So we set up something where everyone who had the knowledge had an equal say in what was going on.

在这样的生意中，拥有权力的人是那些拥有的人 了解正在发生的事情，而不一定是那些在上面的事情。而且它是 非常重要的是，那些拥有知识的人是那些人 做出决策。因此，我们建立了一个让所有有知识的人参与的机制。 对正在发生的事情有平等的发言权。

Intel's microprocessors kept getting more powerful. By 1974 they came out with the 8080, which had enough horsepower to run a whole computer. Only Intel didn't appreciate the brilliance of their own product, seeing it as useful mainly for powering calculators or traffic lights. Intel had all the elements necessary to invent the PC business, but they just didn't get it.

英特尔的微处理器不断变得更强大。到 1974 年，他们推出了 8080 有足够的运算能力来运行整个计算机。只有英特尔 没有欣赏到自己产品的卓越，只是认为它有用 主要用于为计算器或交通信号灯供电。英特尔拥有所有元素。 有必要发明个人电脑业务，但他们就是没有理解。

Gordon Moore 戈登·摩尔

Looking back I know of one opportunity where an engineer came to me with an idea for a computer that would be used in the home. Of course it wasn't yet called a personal computer. And while he felt very strongly about it, the only example of what it was good for that he could come up with was the housewife could keep her recipes on it. And I couldn't imagine my wife with her recipes on a computer in the kitchen. It just didn't seem like it had any practical application at all, so Intel didn't pursue that idea.

回想起来，我知道有一次机会，一位工程师来找我，带着一个.. 用于家庭的计算机的想法。当然，它还没有 称为个人电脑。尽管他对此感受很深，但唯一的 他能想到的一个好例子是家庭主妇 可以把她的食谱放在上面。而我无法想象我的妻子和她的食谱。 在厨房的电脑上。它似乎没有任何实际用途。 根本没有应用，所以英特尔没有追求这个想法。

This is the chip that launched the personal computer revolution. This is the magazine that announced it. In January 1975 featured on the cover was the world's first personal computer the Altair 8800. It was the crazy idea of an ex-airforce officer from Georgia - Ed Roberts.

这就是引发个人计算机革命的芯片。这是 杂志宣布了这一消息。1975 年 1 月的封面上是 世界上第一台个人电脑 Altair 8800。这是一个疯狂的想法，由一位 来自乔治亚州的前空军军官 - 埃德·罗伯茨。

Ed Roberts 埃德·罗伯茨

Founder, MITS 创始人，MITS

If you look at it you know it was kind of grandiose almost megalomaniac kind of scheme you know and right now I couldn't do it because I could see right off there's no way you could do this. There isn't any way you could do this. But at that time you know we just lacked the eh the benefits of age and experience. We didn't know we couldn't do it.

如果你看它，你会知道它有点夸张，几乎是自大狂的那种 你知道的方案，而现在我做不到，因为我能看得清楚 不可能你能做到这一点。没有任何办法你能做到这一点。 但在那时你知道我们只是缺乏呃年龄的好处和 经验。我们不知道我们不能做到。

BOB: Jesus Eddy a Silicon Valley garage has nothing on you.

鲍勃：耶稣埃迪，硅谷的车库都比不上你。

EDDY: Everything you want to know about the microcomputer is probably in here in one form or another.

EDDY：关于微型计算机的所有信息可能都在 以某种形式存在于此。

Here's the garage of Eddy Currie -- Ed Roberts' best friend. Eddy was present at the creation of the personal computer. Eddie also seems to have never met a piece of old computer junk he didn't like.

这是埃迪·库里的车库——埃德·罗伯茨最好的朋友。埃迪是 在个人计算机诞生时在场。埃迪似乎也有 他从未遇到过不喜欢的旧电脑垃圾。

Eddy Curry 埃迪·库里

A lot of the audio tapes Ed and I used to send back a forth to one another in order to keep our phone calls down and one of the tapes, one of the tapes I found he got into discussion about the future as he saw it and what his dream was for the Altair. At that time it had not been named it was just called a computer ehm, but it was some very interesting stuff and certainly showed the kind of vision he had.

我和埃德过去常常互相寄送的许多录音带 为了减少我们的电话通话量和其中一盘磁带，其中一盘磁带 我发现他开始讨论他所看到的未来以及他的看法 梦想是为了 Altair。当时它还没有被命名，只是 被称为电脑嗯，但它确实是一些非常有趣的东西，当然 展示了他所拥有的那种远见。

20 years after Ed Roberts' flash of brilliance, this exhibit is being held to celebrate the anniversary of the Altair. Like every other PC pioneer, Ed built his computer just because he wanted one to play with.

在埃德·罗伯茨的灵光一现 20 年后，这个展览正在举行以 庆祝 Altair 周年纪念。像其他所有 PC 先驱一样，Ed 建造了 他的电脑只是因为他想要一个来玩。

Ed Roberts 埃德·罗伯茨

There were some of us that lusted after computers really at that time. All the computers in the world tended to be in big centres and you had to get permission to get close to them, and you know, nobody had access to computers. And the idea that you could have your own computer and do whatever you wanted to with it, whenever you wanted to, was fantastic.

那时我们中有些人确实对电脑充满了渴望。 世界上的计算机往往集中在大型中心，你必须去获取 获得接近他们的许可，而且你知道，没有人能使用电脑。 你可以拥有自己的电脑并做任何你想做的事情的想法 随时随地想要就能做到，真是太棒了。

And where was this all happening? It was far from Silicon Valley, Intel, or IBM. Out in the desert near the airport in Albuquerque, New Mexico, Ed Roberts ran a calculator company called MITS. Having an ugly building wasn't it's only problem - MITS was going bankrupt. Nobody was buying calculators and Ed needed $65,000 just to stay afloat.

这一切都发生在哪里？远离硅谷、英特尔，或者 IBM。在新墨西哥州阿尔伯克基机场附近的沙漠中，埃德·罗伯茨 经营一家名为 MITS 的计算器公司。拥有一座丑陋的建筑并不是它唯一的 问题 - MITS 正在破产。没有人购买计算器，埃德需要 $65,000 只是为了维持生计。

Ed Roberts 埃德·罗伯茨

And we went to the bank, we had a late night meeting and the issue was whether we closed MITS down or they loaned us an additional sixty-five thousand and I was asked how many machines that I think we would sell in the next year after it was introduced, and I said eight hundred, which was considered a wild-eyed optimist at that. Within a month after it was introduced we were getting two hundred and fifty orders a day.

我们去了银行，我们开了一个深夜会议，问题是是否 我们关闭了 MITS，或者他们再借给我们六万五千，我 被问到我认为明年我们会卖出多少台机器 它被引入时，我说八百，这被认为是异想天开 乐观主义者。在它推出后的一个月内，我们就得到了两个。 每天一百五十个订单。

The Altair wasn't even a computer, it was a computer KIT. Wow this is a pretty well equipped machine. You had to build it yourself and even then it usually didn't work. Still, the demand was amazing.

Altair 甚至不是一台电脑，它是一个电脑套件。哇，这真是一个相当 装备精良的机器。你必须自己组装它，即使这样通常也会 没用。不过，需求还是很惊人。

David Bunnell 大卫·邦内尔

Founder PC World and Mac World Magazines

创办人 PC World 和 Mac World 杂志

There were actually people that came to MITS, a couple of people with camper trailers and camped out inthe parking lot waiting for their machines. I mean, they were so eager.

实际上，有几个人带着露营车来到了 MITS 拖车和露营在停车场等待他们的机器。我的意思是， 他们是如此渴望。

Eddy Currie 埃迪·库里

I mean I think everybody had sort of daydream, Ed Walter Mitteyed about owning a computer. The surprise was that it would be possible for the average college student, for example, who was living on bare subsistence, to actually buy a computer.

我的意思是，我想每个人都有过类似的白日梦，像埃德·沃尔特·米蒂那样 拥有一台电脑。令人惊讶的是，普通人也有可能做到这一点。 例如，靠最低生活水平生活的大学生，实际上 买一台电脑。

David Bunnell 大卫·邦内尔

This is what really amazed me was that people were so - there was a sort of pent up demand for having your own computer.

这真正让我感到惊讶的是，人们是如此 - 有一种 对拥有自己电脑的压抑需求。

Eddy Currie 埃迪·库里

And if it could be that cheap what a wonderful thing.

如果它能那么便宜，那该多好。

This is an Altair computer - the first personal computer. And not just any Altair - this is Altair serial number 2, the second one made. The first Altair made was sent off to be photographed at a magazine and was lost in the mail. So this is the oldest personal computer in the world. Pretty historic junk but the question is what do you do with it? I mean it has a front panel with switches that you can click back and forth and some lights but in the back there's no place to connect a keyboard, there's no place to connect a monitor, there's no place to connect a printer, in fact there practically nothing at all that you can really do with this thing but back then 1975, the people who had it were thrilled. The nerds formed clubs to talk about their new toy. One of the first was the Homebrew Computer Club, which met on Wednesday evenings in a hall rented from Stanford University in Silicon Valley. Presiding over near-anarchy was Lee Felsenstein who pretended to be in charge.

这是一台 Altair 计算机——第一台个人计算机。而且不仅仅是任何一台。 Altair - 这是第二台制造的 Altair，序列号为 2。第一台 Altair 被送去杂志拍照并丢失在 邮件。所以这是世界上最古老的个人电脑。相当 历史垃圾，但问题是你如何处理它？我的意思是它有一个 前面板上有可以来回切换的开关和一些灯光 但在后面没有地方可以连接键盘，没有地方可以 连接显示器，没有地方可以连接打印机，实际上那里 实际上你几乎无法用这个东西做任何事情，但在那时 1975 年，拥有它的人们感到非常兴奋。书呆子们成立了俱乐部来讨论。 关于他们的新玩具。最早的之一是自制计算机俱乐部， 每周三晚上在从斯坦福大学租用的大厅里举行的会议 在硅谷。主持近乎无政府状态的是李·费尔森斯坦，他 假装负责。

Lee Felsenstein 李·费尔森斯坦

And I would start the meeting by making a horrendous loud noise because everyone was talking and I had to get some attention somehow. And I would use it to call upon the person in question. I'd make threatening gestures with it. Most of us were in the electronics industry to a certain extent, there was also a stratem of physicians and there were a lot radio amateurs for instance finding a new technology that wasn't stale. But most of us were at a sort of middle level or downwards. We saw ourselves as crazed ignored geniuses or possibly geniuses but at least we could each hope to get our hands on a computer of our own.

我会通过制造一个可怕的响声来开始会议，因为 每个人都在说话，我不得不想办法引起一些注意。我会用... 用它来召唤相关的人。我会用它做出威胁的手势。 我们大多数人在某种程度上都从事电子行业，也有 一群医生和许多业余无线电爱好者，例如 寻找一种不陈旧的新技术。但我们大多数人都处于一种 中层或以下。我们把自己看作是被忽视的疯狂天才或 可能是天才，但至少我们每个人都希望能用上电脑 我们自己的。

The very uselessness of the Altair is what drove the hobbyists together. Roger Melen and Harry Garland started an early computer company. They came here to meet others and to figure out just what the heck could be done with this new toy -- a solution in search of a problem. There's no keyboard that I can see. The Altair was tedious to use. At first, the only way that data and instructions could be given to the computer was by flipping switches. Take something trivial like 2+2. Each 2 needed eight different switches to be flipped, then a ninth switch was used to load them all. 'And' required another nine switches. The answer 4 was if the third light from the left turned on. Eureka!

Altair 的无用性正是将爱好者聚集在一起的原因。 罗杰·梅伦和哈里·加兰德创办了一家早期的计算机公司。他们来到了这里。 去见其他人，并弄清楚到底能用这个做些什么 新玩具——寻找问题的解决方案。我看不到键盘。 Altair 使用起来很繁琐。起初，数据和指令的唯一输入方式是通过... 可以通过拨动开关来给计算机输入指令。拿某物 像 2+2 这样简单。每个 2 需要翻动八个不同的开关，然后 第九个开关被用来加载它们。“和”需要另外九个开关。 答案是 4，如果从左数第三个灯亮了。真相大白！

Roger Melen 罗杰·梅伦

So if you had a program that was a hundred bytes long you had to go this procedure a hundred times to load that in the memory.

所以如果你有一个一百字节长的程序，你就必须这样做 在内存中加载该程序一百次。

HARRY GARLAND: It took a long time.

哈里·加兰德：花了很长时间。

BOB: I bet it did and what happened if you lost power or if you lost your way in the middle?

鲍勃：我敢打赌是这样，如果你失去电力或失去你的...会发生什么？ 中间的路？

HARRY GARLAND: You cried.

哈里·加兰德：你哭了。

The Altair may have been frustrating, but it drove the nerds to experiment, finding real uses for the useless box, turning it from a curiosity to a computer.

Altair 可能令人沮丧，但它促使极客们进行实验 为无用盒子找到实际用途，将其从一种好奇心转变为一台计算机。

Lee Felsenstein 李·费尔森斯坦

Steve Dumpier set up an Altair, ehm laboriously keyed a program into it. Somebody knocked a plug out of the wall and he had to do that all over again but nobody knew what this was about. After all, was it just going to sit and flash its lights? No.

史蒂夫·邓皮尔安装了一台 Altair，呃，费力地在其中输入了一个程序。 有人把插头从墙上拔掉了，他不得不重新再做一遍 但没有人知道这是关于什么的。毕竟，它只是要坐着然后 闪灯？不。

Roger Melen 罗杰·梅伦

You put a little eh transistor radio next to the Altair and he would by manipulating the length of loops in the sofware - could play tunes.

你把一个小的晶体管收音机放在 Altair 旁边，他就会通过 在软件中操控循环的长度 - 可以演奏曲调。

Lee Felsenstein 李·费尔森斯坦

The radio began playing 'Fool on the Hill'....Da da da, da da da....and the tinny little tunes that you could tell were coming from the noise that the computer was generated being picked up by the radio. Everybody rose and applauded. I proposed that he receive the stripped Philips Screw Award for finding a use for something previously thought useless. But I think everybody was too busy applauding to even hear me.

收音机开始播放《山丘上的傻瓜》……哒哒哒，哒哒哒……然后 微弱的小曲调，你可以听出是从噪音中传来的 计算机被收音机接收到。大家都站起来鼓掌。 我提议授予他剥离的飞利浦螺丝奖，以表彰他找到的用途 对于以前被认为无用的东西。但我想每个人都太忙了 甚至听到我都在鼓掌。

Roger Melen 罗杰·梅伦

It was a very exciting thing, it was probably the first thing the Altair actually did.

这是一件非常令人兴奋的事情，这可能是 Altair 的第一件事 实际上做了。

Turning the Altair into a useful tool required a programming language so users could type their programs in rather than flipping switches. What it needed was a version of some big computer language like BASIC, only modified for the PC. This was called a BASIC interpreter, but it didn't yet exist because the experts all thought that not even BASIC was basic enough to fit inside the tiny Altair memory. Yet again the experts were wrong. Here comes the guy who solved the problem. Twenty years after finishing the first microcomputer BASIC, Paul Allen is returning to Albuquerque for a celebration of that event -- this time with his $15 million jet and three foot red carpet. At a time when I was killing brain cells, this guy was founding an empire. He has come to eat rubber chicken in honor of the Altair's 20th anniversary.

将 Altair 变成一个有用的工具需要一种编程语言，因此 用户可以输入他们的程序，而不是拨动开关。它是什么 需要的是某种大型计算机语言的版本，比如 BASIC，只是经过修改的版本 对于个人电脑。这被称为 BASIC 解释器，但它尚不存在。 因为专家们都认为即使是 BASIC 也不够基础以适应 在微小的 Altair 内存中。然而，专家们又错了。接下来是 解决问题的人。在完成第一个问题二十年后 微型计算机 BASIC，保罗·艾伦将返回阿尔伯克基参加庆祝活动 那次活动——这次是他的 1500 万美元的喷气式飞机和三英尺的红地毯。 在我消磨脑细胞的时候，这个人正在建立一个帝国。 他来吃橡胶鸡，以纪念 Altair 成立 20 周年。

Speaker 扬声器

I'd like to introduce to you - Paul Allen.

我想向你介绍——保罗·艾伦。

Allen co-founded Microsoft with his younger buddy from high school -- Bill Gates.

艾伦与他高中时的好友比尔·盖茨共同创立了微软。

Paul Allen 保罗·艾伦

One day in Boston, I was in Harvard Square I saw a cover of Popular Electronics with this thing that looked like what I had been imagining, and so I grabbed it off the shelf, I looked at it and I bought it and I ran back to Bill's dorm, and I think he was probably playing poker that night and usually losing money at that point. One of the few times when that's been the case.

有一天在波士顿，我在哈佛广场看到了一本《大众电子》的封面 这个东西看起来就像我一直在想象的那样，所以我抓住了它 我从架子上拿下来，看了看，然后买了它，跑回比尔的宿舍 我想他那天晚上可能在玩扑克，而且通常输钱 在那时。这是少数几次情况如此。

Bill Gates 比尔·盖茨

Paul showed that to me and then okay, here was a company that would be needing software.

保罗向我展示了这一点，然后好吧，这里有一家公司将会是 需要软件。

Paul Allen 保罗·艾伦

And he said OK we gotta call these guys up and see if this thing's for real.

他说好的，我们得给这些人打电话，看看这事是不是真的。

Bill Gates 比尔·盖茨

We realised that things were starting to happen, and just because we'd had a vision for a long time of where this chip could go, what it could mean er, that didn't mean the industry was going to wait for us while I stayed and - and finished my Degree at Harvard.

我们意识到事情开始发生了，只是因为我们已经有了 长期以来对这个芯片可能发展的方向及其意义的愿景，呃， 这并不意味着当我留下时，行业会等着我们，而是——而是 我在哈佛完成了学位。

Paul Allen 保罗·艾伦

So called up Ed you know, we told him we've got this Basic and it's you know just for your machine, and it's you know not that far from being done, and we'd like to come out and show it to you.

于是打电话给埃德，你知道，我们告诉他我们有这个 Basic，你知道的 只是为你的机器，你知道离完成不远了，并且 我们想出来给你看看。

Bill Gates 比尔·盖茨

So we created this BASIC interpreter. Paul took the paper tape er, and - and flew out. In fact, the night before, he - he got some sleep while I double checked everything to make sure that we had er, had it all right.

所以我们创建了这个 BASIC 解释器。保罗拿了纸带机，然后—— 飞了出去。事实上，前一天晚上，他——他在我睡觉的时候小睡了一会儿。 仔细检查了一切，以确保我们呃，一切都正确。

Paul Allen 保罗·艾伦

But I had no idea what it was really going to be like to try to run the software. It had never been run on an actual computer before.

但我完全不知道尝试运行它会是什么样子 软件。它以前从未在实际计算机上运行过。

David Bunnell 大卫·邦内尔

He was very nervous about whether this would actually work. And then he got to the office and we all gathered around him and he put his fingers on the switches and he loaded BASIC with paper tape into the Altair.

他非常紧张，不知道这是否真的会奏效。然后他 到了办公室，我们都围在他身边，他把手指放在 开关和他用纸带将 BASIC 加载到 Altair 中。

Paul Allen 保罗·艾伦

I was just I was so nervous....this is just....it's not going to work and it worked.

我只是，我太紧张了……这只是……这行不通，而且 它成功了。

David Bunnell 大卫·邦内尔

And it came up, and it could do a few little simple things.

它出现了，并且可以做一些简单的小事情。

Bill Gates 比尔·盖茨

And it was amazing when Paul called me up and said the thing had worked the first time. And of course, it was incredibly fast.

保罗打电话给我说事情成功了，这真是太棒了 第一次。当然，它非常快。

Paul Allen 保罗·艾伦

And it printed out memory size and I think Bill said it printed something. So I said yeah, yeah.

它打印出了内存大小，我想比尔说它打印了些什么。 所以我说是的，是的。

Bill Gates 比尔·盖茨

Oh, that was - that was unbelievable. The fact that it really worked er, was - was - was a breakthrough.

哦，那真是——那真是难以置信。事实上，它真的奏效了，呃， 是 - 是 - 是一个突破。

David Bunnell 大卫·邦内尔

Maybe there wouldn't be a Microsoft if the screen hadn't come alive, who knows, it might all be quite different.

也许如果屏幕没有变得生动，就不会有微软，谁 知道，这一切可能会完全不同。

After the demo succeeded, Bill forgot about finishing university. Afraid of missing his chance to dominate the new industry, he joined Allen in what was then the the center of world microcomputing research -- among the sleezy bars and gas stations of Albuquerque, New Mexico.

演示成功后，比尔忘记了完成大学学业。害怕 错过了主导新行业的机会，他加入了艾伦的行列，参与了其中的工作 当时是世界微计算研究的中心——在那些肮脏的地方之间 阿尔伯克基，新墨西哥州的酒吧和加油站。

David Bunnell 大卫·邦内尔

And they lived across the street from MITS in the Sundowner Motel, and the prostitutes and the drug dealers out on the corner, and they were writing BASIC for the Altair computer, and gradually they actually started Microsoft here in Albuquerque.

他们住在日落汽车旅馆，正好在 MITS 的街对面， 妓女和毒贩在街角，他们是 为 Altair 计算机编写 BASIC，渐渐地他们实际上开始了 微软在阿尔伯克基。

Paul Allen 保罗·艾伦

We hired some of our high school friends basically to come down and eh stay with us in our apartment, which became very crowded.

我们基本上雇了一些高中朋友过来住 和我们一起在我们的公寓里，那里变得非常拥挤。

Bill Gates 比尔·盖茨

We were pretty young. We started when I was 19 and so we just had a lot of - a lot of energy.

我们那时还很年轻。我 19 岁时开始的，所以我们有很多。 - 很多能量。

David Bunnell 大卫·邦内尔

They worked really hard. They listened to really loud music, I could hardly stand to go to the software room sometimes because the music would be banging off the walls, mostly acid rock.

他们工作得非常努力。他们听着非常响亮的音乐，我能 有时几乎无法忍受去软件室，因为音乐会 撞墙，主要是酸性摇滚。

Paul Allen 保罗·艾伦

You know we'd usually go out, eat pizzas and then go out and watch action movies.

你知道我们通常会出去，吃披萨，然后去看动作电影。

David Bunnell 大卫·邦内尔

They would work all night long, and there were days when Bill Gates would be sleeping on the floor in the software lab.

他们会整夜工作，有些日子比尔·盖茨会是 在软件实验室的地板上睡觉。

Paul Allen 保罗·艾伦

Sometimes it would be Bill and these two other guys all, you know, sitting on tables around the apartment with stacks and stacks of paper writing, converting the BASIC for the 8080.

有时候会是比尔和另外两个家伙一起坐着，你知道的 在公寓周围的桌子上堆满了一摞摞的纸张写作， 将 BASIC 转换为 8080。

Bill Gates 比尔·盖茨

I still know the source code by heart, and that was er, er, a work of love, you know, we just kept tuning and tuning that thing. And - and so that kind of craftsmanship paid off.

我仍然能背出源代码，那是呃，呃，一项爱的工作，你 知道，我们只是不断地调整和调整那个东西。于是，那种 精湛技艺得到了回报。

BASIC let the Altair be used for both fun stuff and real work. People attached terminals to the computer and began writing games, word processors, and accounting programs. Most of us didn't notice but soon there was thriving industry for enthusiasts. By the end of 1975, dozens of other companies were building microcomputers.

BASIC 让 Altair 既可以用于娱乐，也可以用于实际工作。人们 将终端连接到计算机并开始编写游戏、文字处理器， 和会计程序。我们大多数人没有注意到，但很快就有了 蓬勃发展的爱好者行业。到 1975 年底，几十个其他 公司正在制造微型计算机。

Ed Roberts 埃德·罗伯茨

We created an industry and I think that goes completely unnoticed. I mean there was nothing - every aspect of the industry when you talk about software, hardware, application stuff, dealerships, you name it, it was all in a mess.

我们创造了一个行业，我认为这完全没有被注意到。我的意思是 当你谈论这个行业的每个方面时，什么都没有 软件、硬件、应用程序、经销商，你能想到的都有 一团糟。

Bill Gates 比尔·盖茨

It was a wild time. It was a very exciting time. And the first user convention - where we got people to come in and tell us what they were doing, what they were excited about, and other companies like Processor Technology or Imsai or Comemco got going as add-on companies. These companies are long-forgotten, but they were the - the humble beginnings of the - of the PC industry.

那是一个狂野的时代。那是一个非常激动人心的时代。第一个用户 大会——我们让人们进来告诉我们他们是什么 做他们感兴趣的事情，以及像 Processor 这样的其他公司 技术公司或 Imsai 或 Comemco 作为附加公司起步。这些公司 被遗忘已久，但它们是——是的卑微起点——的 个人电脑行业。

Left in the hands of those early hobbyists the PC might never have made it to the shopping mall. Reaching the wider market required a different type of vision. Enter the flower children of California, who thought the PC was, well, groovy.

如果早期的业余爱好者掌控了局面，个人电脑可能永远不会成功 到购物中心。要触及更广泛的市场需要一种不同类型的 视野。进入加州的花之子，他们认为个人电脑是， 好，酷。

Steve Jobs 史蒂夫·乔布斯

Remember that the Sixties happened in the early Seventies, right, so you have to remember that and that's sort of when I came of age. So I saw a lot of this and to me the spark of that was that there was something beyond sort of what you see every day. It's the same thing that causes people to want to be poets instead of bankers. And I think that's a wonderful thing. And I think that that same spirit can be put into products, and those products can be manufactured and given to people and they can sense that spirit.

记住，六十年代实际上发生在七十年代初，对吧，所以你有 记住那一点，那大概是我成年时的情况。所以我看到了很多 这对我来说的火花是有某种超越的东西 你每天看到的。这就是让人们想要成为的原因。 诗人而不是银行家。我认为那是一件美好的事情。我认为这 同样的精神可以注入产品，而这些产品可以被 制造并给予人们，他们可以感受到那种精神。

To help you understand all this, I will now take off my clothes.

为了帮助你理解这一切，我现在要脱掉我的衣服。

Jim Warren 吉姆·沃伦

And he says well frame relay is scaleable.

他说帧中继是可扩展的。

Jim Warren knows better than most what the hippy movement did for the PC. A sixties radical himself, he staged the West Coast Computer Faire -- for a time the biggest computer show in the world. The Faire was where the PC really arrived. It's also where Jim got rich.

吉姆·沃伦比大多数人更了解嬉皮士运动对个人电脑的影响。 作为六十年代的激进分子，他举办了西海岸计算机博览会——为一个 时间是世界上最大的电脑展览会。博览会是个人电脑真正的起点。 到了。这也是吉姆发财的地方。

BOB: So eh Jim is this where you hold all your meetings?

BOB：所以，呃，吉姆，这是你开会的地方吗？

JIM: Uhm as many as possible - sure why not.

吉姆：嗯，尽可能多——当然，为什么不呢。

BOB: This is how silicon vallye entrepreneurs conduct business?

BOB：硅谷企业家就是这样做生意的吗？

JIM: Oh I don't know if it's how entrenpreneurs conduct business.

吉姆：哦，我不知道这是不是企业家开展业务的方式。

Believe it or not, Jim once taught mathematics at a Catholic girls school.

信不信由你，吉姆曾在一所天主教女子学校教过数学。

JIM: Bubbles Bob? 吉姆：泡泡鲍勃？

BOB: Sure. 当然。

JIM: OK. 吉姆：好的。

Jim was immediately fascinated by the PC like many Bay Area hippies. The California counter culture was crucial to the PC's development.

吉姆和许多湾区嬉皮士一样，立刻被个人电脑所吸引。 加州的反文化运动对个人电脑的发展至关重要。

Jim Warren 吉姆·沃伦

And the whole spirit there was working together, was sharing. You shared your dope, you shared your bed, you shared your life, you shared your hopes. And a whole bunch of us had the same community spirit and that permeated the whole Home Brew Computer Club. As soon as somebody would solve a problem they'd come running down to the Home Brew Computer Club's next meeting and say hey everybody you know that problem that all of us have been trying to figure out how to solve, here's the solution, isn't this wonderful? Aren't I a great guy. And it's my contention that that is a major component of why Silicon Valley was able to develop the technology as rapidly as it did, because we were all sharing - everybody won.

整个氛围就是合作和分享。你分享了你的 笨蛋，你分享了你的床，你分享了你的生活，你分享了你的希望。而且 我们一大群人都有相同的社区精神，这种精神渗透了整个社区 整个家庭酿造计算机俱乐部。一旦有人解决了一个问题 他们会跑到自制电脑俱乐部的下次会议上去， 嘿，大家，你们知道我们一直在努力解决的那个问题吗？ 找出如何解决，这是解决方案，这不是很棒吗？不是吗？ 我是一个很好的人。我认为这是为什么的一个主要因素。 硅谷能够如此迅速地发展技术，因为 我们都在分享——每个人都赢了。

Out of this creative show-and-tell came Apple Computer, the first mass market PC company. The Apple founders, a couple of recent graduates from Homestead High were regulars at Homebrew meetings. Steve Wozniak was the technical wizard and Steve Jobs was the visionary who saw microcomputers as a possible business. But Apple wasn't their first business. Woz & Jobs had once built a device to cheat the phone company - they called it a blue box.

从这个创意展示中诞生了苹果电脑，第一个大众市场产品 PC 公司。苹果公司的创始人是几位刚从霍姆斯特德毕业的学生。 高是自酿俱乐部会议的常客。史蒂夫·沃兹尼亚克是技术奇才。 史蒂夫·乔布斯是将微型计算机视为可能商业的人。 但苹果并不是他们的第一个生意。沃兹和乔布斯曾经制造过一个设备来 欺骗电话公司——他们称之为蓝盒子。

Steve Wozniak 史蒂夫·沃兹尼亚克

Blue boxes were devices that could put tones into your phone and direct the phone company to switch your calls anywhere in the world for free and it was kind of...kind of weird for people to imagine that how could this worldwide phone system let you put a few little tones into your phone just like punching a touchtone phone, put the right tones in and it would direct your call anywhere in the world for free.

蓝盒子是一种可以将音调输入到您的电话并引导的设备 电话公司可以免费将您的通话转接到世界任何地方，并且 这有点……有点奇怪，人们很难想象这怎么可能。 全球电话系统让您只需在手机中输入几个小音调即可 就像按下触摸式电话，输入正确的音调，它就会引导 您可以在世界任何地方免费拨打电话。

Steve Jobs 史蒂夫·乔布斯

And it turned out we were at Stanford Linnear Accelerator Centre one night and way in the bowels of their technical library way down at the last bookshelf in the corner bottom rack we found an AT&T technical journal that laid out the whole thing and that's another moment I'll never forget - we saw this journal we though my God it's all real and so we set out to build a device to make these tones.

结果有一天晚上我们在斯坦福直线加速器中心 在他们技术图书馆的深处，最底层的书架上 在角落底部的架子上，我们发现了一本 AT&T 技术期刊，上面列出了 整个事情，那是我永远不会忘记的另一个时刻——我们看到了这本日记 我们想，天哪，这一切都是真的，于是我们开始着手制造一个设备来实现 这些音调。

Steve Wozniak What we'd do is we'd walk into a dorm with a big tape recorder and we'd set the tape recorder on the floor and play the phone through it, hook up the phone with alligator clips so that everyone in the room could hear the phone conversations. And I was master jokester, and then I would get on the phone and dial some countries to show how easy it was. I would dial The Ritz in London and make a reservation and dial something and dial a joke in Sydney, Australia and everybody was really amazed by these things and so one time I said I could call the Pope. I called into Italy and asked for the number of The Vatican and eventually got the call into The Vatican. And I said this is Henry Kissinger - I didn't even use an accent. This is Henry Kissinger and I'd like to speak to the Pope about the summit trip, he was on a summit trip. And they said oh wait wait a minute we'd have to wake him up. It was like 4:30 in the morning there. And I hung on the line and they said we're waking him up, we're waking him up and finally the Bishop came on who was the highest Bishop up who was going to be the translater for the Pope and he said you're not Henry Kissinger and I went into a little accent and said oh yes I am you can call me back at this call-back number and I gave them a weird number where they'd call it back, I'd call a different number, we'd talk to each other but they don't know my phone number and eh they never called back - but it was a good - I woke him up.

史蒂夫·沃兹尼亚克 我们会带着一个大录音机走进宿舍，然后我们会设置好 地上的录音机并通过它播放电话，连接上 带有鳄鱼夹的电话，以便房间里的每个人都能听到电话 对话。我是个玩笑大师，然后我会接电话并 拨打一些国家的电话以展示其简单性。我会拨打伦敦丽兹酒店的电话。 并在澳大利亚悉尼进行预订并拨打某个号码并拨打一个笑话 每个人都对这些事情感到非常惊讶，所以有一次我说我可以 打电话给教皇。我打电话到意大利，询问梵蒂冈的电话号码。 最后接到了来自梵蒂冈的电话。我说我是亨利。 基辛格 - 我甚至没有用口音。这是亨利·基辛格，我想 与教皇谈论峰会之行，他正在进行一次峰会之行。而他们 说哦等等等一下，我们得叫醒他。那时大约是凌晨 4:30。 早上好。我挂在电话线上，他们说我们正在叫醒他，我们 叫醒了他，最后主教来了，他是最高的主教 要为教皇做翻译，他说你不是亨利 基辛格和我用一点口音说，哦，是的，我是，你可以叫我 我给了他们一个奇怪的号码，让他们在这个回拨号码上给我回电话 打回去，我会拨另一个号码，我们会互相交谈，但他们 不知道我的电话号码，他们也没有回电——但那是一个 好 - 我叫醒了他。

Steve Jobs 史蒂夫·乔布斯

What we learned was that we could build something ourselves that could control billions of dollars worth of infrastructure in the world - that was what we learnt was that us two you know, we're not much, we could build a little thing that could control a giant thing and that was an incredible lesson. I don't think there would ever have been an Apple computer had there not been blue boxes.

我们了解到，我们可以自己建造一些东西，这些东西可以 控制世界上价值数十亿美元的基础设施——那是 我们了解到的是，你知道，我们两个人不算什么，但我们可以建造一个 小东西可以控制一个巨大的东西，那真是不可思议 课程。我认为如果没有苹果电脑的话，可能永远不会有。 没有蓝色的盒子。

The first Apple computer was primitive. It was cobbled together by Woz to impress his friends at the Hombrew meetings.

第一台苹果电脑非常原始。它是由沃兹拼凑而成的。 在自酿啤酒会议上给他的朋友们留下深刻印象。

Steve Wozniak 史蒂夫·沃兹尼亚克

Everybody was interested in computers so I started getting a crowd around me because even although I was too shy to raise my hand and say anything in a club meeting - after the club meetings I would put my computer that I had built and every week it had a little bit more working on it too but I would set it down and let people type on the keyboard and I would explain what's in it. If they would come up to me and ask the question I can answer eh you know nowadays I would have the ability to tell them what it is you know and be a little bit more promotional but back then I could only answer questions that they asked me but a kinda group started gathering around me. And Steve Jobs saw that I had a lot of interest around me at the club and he said let's start selling it and let's make this company. He came up with the name Apple and eh and eh thatÍs how it started.

大家都对电脑感兴趣，所以我开始吸引了一群人 即使我太害羞而不敢举手说话， 俱乐部会议 - 在俱乐部会议结束后，我会放下我拥有的电脑 建成后，每周都会有一些工作在上面进行，但我会设置 把它放下，让人们在键盘上打字，我会解释里面的内容。 如果他们来找我问这个问题，我可以回答，呃，你知道的 如今，我有能力告诉他们你知道的是什么，并成为一个 有点更具宣传性，但那时我只能回答那些问题 他们问我，但有一群人开始在我周围聚集。还有史蒂夫·乔布斯。 看到我在俱乐部周围有很多人对我感兴趣，他说我们开始吧 卖掉它，让我们创办这家公司。他想出了“苹果”这个名字，并且 嗯嗯，就是这样开始的。

Apple was at best a funky company...started by a couple of teenage hackers who had previously been working as Alice in Wonderland characters in a local shopping mall and they started it in this garage right here. The first Apple computer was built here, now there are more than ten million in use around the world. And I was there - well for a short time I was an employee of Apple Computer, employee number 12 and one day I helped move materials out of this garage. At the time Steve Jobs said that the company was short of loot so he offered to pay me in company shares, but I held out for the money - my mother still reminds me of that incident. The Apple 1 was even less of a computer than the Altair -- a single circuit board that came with neither a case nor a keyboard. Still, Steve Jobs managed to sell 50 Apple 1's. That experience showed Jobs there was a market for a real computer -- the Apple II.

苹果充其量是一个古怪的公司……由几个十几岁的黑客创办。 之前在当地扮演《爱丽丝梦游仙境》角色的人 购物中心，他们就在这个车库里开始了。第一台苹果电脑 计算机是在这里制造的，现在有超过一千万台在使用 世界。我在那里——虽然时间很短，但我曾是……的员工。 苹果电脑，第 12 号员工，有一天我帮忙搬运材料出库 这个车库。当时史蒂夫·乔布斯说公司缺钱。 所以他提出用公司股份支付给我，但我坚持要现金——我的 母亲仍然提醒我那件事。Apple 1 甚至更不算是一个 比 Altair 更先进的计算机——一块没有附带任何配件的单电路板 案例也没有键盘。不过，史蒂夫·乔布斯还是设法卖出了 50 台 Apple 1。那 经验告诉乔布斯，市场上对真正的计算机有需求——苹果 II。

Steve Jobs 史蒂夫·乔布斯

It was very clear to me that while there were a bunch of hardware hobbyists that could assemble their own computers, or at least take our board and add the transformers for the power supply and the case the keyboard and go get, you know, et cetera, go get the rest of the stuff. For every one of those there were a thousand people that couldn't do that, but wanted to mess around with programming - software hobbyists. Just like I had been when I was, you know, ten, discovering that computer. And so my dream for the Apple 2 was to sell the first real packaged computer.

我很清楚，虽然有一群硬件爱好者 可以组装自己的电脑，或者至少拿我们的主板并添加 电源变压器和机箱键盘去拿， 你知道，等等，去拿剩下的东西。对于每一个这些 有一千个人做不到，但想捣乱 围绕编程 - 软件爱好者。就像我曾经一样，当我 是，你知道，十岁，发现了那台电脑。所以我的梦想是 Apple 2 是第一个真正销售的成套计算机。

Steve Jobs's dream was impossible. It needed too many chips, making the product too complicated and expensive to build. But Woz didn't know it was impossible.

史蒂夫·乔布斯的梦想是不可能的。它需要太多芯片，使得产品 太复杂且昂贵，无法建造。但沃兹不知道这是不可能的。

Steve Wozniak 史蒂夫·沃兹尼亚克

And then I got in to a way of why have memory for your TV screen and memory for your computer, make them one, and that shrunk the chips down, and I shrunk the chips here, and why not take all these timing circuits and I looked through manuals and found a chip that did it in one chip instead of five, and reduced that, and one thing after another after another happened. I wound up with so few chips, when I was done I said hey, a computer that you could program to generate coloured patterns on a screen, or data or words or play games or anything it was just the computer I wanted, you know, for myself pretty much, but it had turned out so good. He said I think we have a computer we could sell a thousand a month of. How can you sell a thousand a month, you know?

然后我开始思考为什么你的电视屏幕和记忆需要内存 为了你的电脑，把它们合为一体，这样就缩小了芯片，我也缩小了 这里的芯片，为什么不把所有这些定时电路都拿走，我看了看 通过手册，发现了一种芯片，可以用一个芯片代替五个芯片 减少了那个，然后一件接着一件事情发生。我结束了 用这么少的芯片，当我完成时，我说嘿，你可以用一台电脑 程序在屏幕上生成彩色图案、数据或文字或玩游戏 或者什么都不是，只是我想要的电脑，你知道，基本上是给我自己的， 但结果却很好。他说，我想我们有一台可以出售的电脑。 一个月一千个。你知道吗，你怎么能一个月卖一千个？

Steve Jobs 史蒂夫·乔布斯

But we needed some money for tooling the case, things like that, we needed a few hundred thousand dollars.

但是我们需要一些资金来制作外壳，诸如此类的事情，我们需要一个 几十万美元。

Steve Wozniak 史蒂夫·沃兹尼亚克

That was a lot of money for two people who had nothing in their lives to speak of, didn't have a 400 dollar bank account.

那对两个生活中一无所有的人来说是一大笔钱 说起来，没有一个 400 美元的银行账户。

Steve Jobs 史蒂夫·乔布斯

So I went looking for some venture capital.

所以我去寻找了一些风险投资。

The scruffy 19 year-old seduced the conservative world of venture capitalists. The man Jobs persuaded to part with his cash was Arthur Rock, the inventor of venture capital and the man who had originally funded Intel. At least the Intel boys had graduated from university and owned suits.

邋遢的 19 岁少年吸引了保守的风险投资界。 乔布斯说服掏钱的人是发明家亚瑟·洛克 风险投资和最初资助英特尔的人。至少 英特尔的男孩们已经大学毕业并拥有西装。

Arthur Rock 亚瑟·洛克

Venture Capitalist 风险投资家

Well, he wore sandals and he had long, very long hair and a beard and a moustache, but very articulate. He was, I think at one time in his life, and it was probably when I first met him that he ate nothing but fruit.

嗯，他穿着凉鞋，留着长长的头发和胡子，还有一个 胡子，但非常善于表达。我想他在生活中的某个时候，曾经是 可能是我第一次见到他的时候，他只吃水果。

Bob: So as a mainline venture capitalist, is this...

鲍勃：那么作为一名主流风险投资家，这是……

Arthur: This is not the norm. This is not the norm.

亚瑟：这不是常态。这不是常态。

With money in hand and under occasional adult supervision from an ex-Intel manager named Mike Markkula, Woz & Jobs finished the Apple II and ordered a local factory to build 1000 machines. Two years passed between the Altair and the Apple 2. And in that time a lot of things changed. We went from a computer that was designed for hobbyists and engineers and certainly looked like a piece of test equipment to a computer that looked like a piece of consumer electronics and we can thank Steve Jobs for that - his sense of design demanded that this structural foam case be used for the Apple 2 - the first case of its type on a personal computer. And not that there wasn't good engineering inside either. The Apple 2 was a model of efficient engineering - here's the floppy disk drive controller for example. There are eight chips here where previously there would have been thirty-five. This is an amazing bit of engineering that we can attribute to Steve Wozniak who is certainly the Mozart of digital design and all told it turned the Apple 2 into a sensation. The Apple II was launched at Jim Warren's West Coast Computer Faire -- one of the first big microcomputer shows. The 1978 show drew thousands of attendees and dozens of exhibitors -- many of them members of the Homebrew Computer Club, which spawned most of the early microcomputer companies. But there was only one company showing something that looked like a modern personal computer. Right by the entrance, in a prime spot negotiated by Steve Jobs, sat the Apple II. It mesmerized all who saw it. One later became a top Apple programmer.

手头有钱，并在前英特尔员工的偶尔成人监督下 经理名叫迈克·马库拉，沃兹和乔布斯完成了苹果 II 并下单 一家本地工厂建造了 1000 台机器。在 Altair 和之间过了两年。 苹果 2。在那段时间里，很多事情都发生了变化。我们从一台计算机开始 那是为业余爱好者和工程师设计的，确实看起来像一件作品 测试设备到看起来像消费电子产品的计算机 我们可以感谢史蒂夫·乔布斯——他的设计感要求这样做 结构泡沫外壳用于苹果 2 - 这是此类外壳的首次使用 个人电脑。而且并不是说里面没有好的工程设计。 苹果 2 是一款高效工程的典范——这是软盘驱动器 例如控制器。这里有八个芯片，而之前会有 已经三十五了。这是一个令人惊叹的工程，我们可以 归功于史蒂夫·沃兹尼亚克，他无疑是数字设计界的莫扎特，并且 总而言之，这使得苹果 2 成为了一种轰动。苹果 II 在 吉姆·沃伦的西海岸计算机博览会——最早的大型微型计算机之一 展会。1978 年的展会吸引了成千上万的观众和数十家参展商—— 他们中的许多人是自制计算机俱乐部的成员，该俱乐部孕育了大部分的 早期微型计算机公司。但只有一家公司展示了 看起来像现代个人电脑的东西。就在入口旁边， 在史蒂夫·乔布斯谈判的一个黄金位置，摆放着 Apple II。它让所有人着迷。 谁看到了。后来有人成为苹果公司的顶级程序员。

Andy Hertzfeld 安迪·赫茨菲尔德

Apple Computer Designer 苹果电脑设计师

As a grad student I went to the first West Coast Computer Faire because I was interested in personal computers, and just on a tiny little table, like a picnic table almost - just covered with a tablecloth there was this Apple 2 and I swear, in my memory, it seems to have a halo around it now. It just drew me right to it.

作为一名研究生，我去了第一届西海岸计算机博览会，因为我 对个人电脑感兴趣，只是在一个小小的桌子上，像 几乎是野餐桌 - 只是盖着桌布，上面有这台 Apple 2 我发誓，在我的记忆中，它现在似乎有一个光环。它只是吸引了 直接带我去那里。

Steve Jobs 史蒂夫·乔布斯

My recollection is we stole the show, and a lot of dealers and distributors started lining up and we were off and running.

我记得我们大出风头，还有很多经销商和分销商 开始排队，我们就出发了。

Bob: How old were you?

鲍勃：你当时几岁？

Steve: Twenty-one. 史蒂夫：二十一。

Bob: Twenty-one! 鲍勃：二十一！

Following the West Coast Computer Faire, the next two years were ones of explosive growth for Apple, with thousands of customers literally arriving on the doorstep of the tiny office in Cupertino, California. Sales and profits grew so quickly that Apple had more money than the company could spend. And the company was very young. The founders were in their twenties and some employees were even younger, like 14 year-old Chris Espinosa, who never left. He still works at Apple, almost 20 years later.

在西海岸计算机博览会之后，接下来的两年是 苹果的爆炸性增长，成千上万的客户纷至沓来 加利福尼亚州库比蒂诺的小办公室门口。销售和利润 增长如此之快，以至于苹果公司拥有的钱比公司能花掉的还要多。而且 公司还很年轻。创始人都在二十多岁，有些人 员工甚至更年轻，比如 14 岁的克里斯·埃斯皮诺萨，他从未离开。 他在苹果公司工作，差不多 20 年了。

Chris Espinosa 克里斯·埃斯皮诺萨

Manager, Media Tools, Apple

经理，媒体工具，苹果公司

And there would be public demonstrations of our product every Tuesday and Thursday afternoon at 3 o'clock and that was good because it was after school. So I would get out of my, you know sophomore-junior year of high school, I would ride my little moped down to the Apple offices and at 3 oÍclock I'd give the demonstrations of the Apple 2.

每周二都会有我们的产品公开演示，并且 星期四下午三点，那很好，因为那是在放学后。 所以我会在高中二三年级的时候离开学校，我 我会骑着我的小摩托车去苹果公司，到了 3 点我会给 苹果 2 的演示。

Steve Wozniak 史蒂夫·沃兹尼亚克

When we were in the office it was hey jokes and we were wiring up people's phones to do weird things, just every one of us I mean there wasn't a person in Apple I don't think for a couple of years that was you know super serious. We were lucky, we had like the hot product of its day.

当我们在办公室时，大家开玩笑，我们在给人们的电话接线 做奇怪的事情，我的意思是我们每个人，苹果公司里没有一个人例外 我认为有几年你知道并不是特别认真。我们是 幸运的是，我们当时拥有热门产品。

Chris Espinosa 克里斯·埃斯皮诺萨

And some of the people that I did original demos to came up to me years later and said you know I founded a hundred million dollar chain of computer stores based on the demo you showed me one Tuesday afternoon at Apple. It was really fun.

有些我最初做演示的人多年后找到了我 他说，你知道我创办了一家价值一亿美元的连锁电脑店 基于你某个星期二下午在苹果公司给我展示的演示。那真的很有趣。

Steve Wozniak 史蒂夫·沃兹尼亚克

It went so successful that all of a sudden Steve and I wouldn't have to worry about work for the rest of our lives. And then it got even more successful and more successful after that, and eh it was sort of a shock.

它非常成功，以至于突然之间史蒂夫和我不必再 担心我们余生的工作。然后它变得更加成功。 而且在那之后更加成功，嗯，这有点令人震惊。

The Apple II set a new standard for personal computers and showed there was some real money to be made. Rival companies popped-up all over, but the market was still hobbyists -- guys with big beards who thought a good use for their computer was controlling a model train set. But for microcomputers to be taken seriously, they had to start doing things that needed doing -- functions that were useful, not just for fun.

Apple II 为个人电脑设立了一个新标准，并展示了有 有一些真正的钱可以赚。竞争公司纷纷涌现，但 市场仍然是业余爱好者——留着大胡子的家伙，他们认为一个好的用途是 他们的计算机正在控制一个模型火车套装。但对于微型计算机来说，要成为 认真对待，他们必须开始做需要做的事情——职能 不仅仅是为了娱乐，而是有用的。

The enthusiast had its limits. To reach the rest of us the Apple 2 needed what nerds call a killer application. Software that's so useful that people will buy computers just to run it. For the Apple II, this application was called VisiCalc. It came straight from the blackboards of the Harvard Business school. Invented by a graduate student, Dan Bricklin with his programmer friend Bob Frankston, VisiCalc was the first electronic spreadsheet. A spreadsheet is a tool for financial planning, bringing together for the first time the seduction of money with the power of microcomputing. Dan Bricklin's professor at Harvard showed how companies used a grid of numbers on a blackboard to work out profits and expenses.

狂热者是有极限的。为了接触到我们其他人，Apple 2 需要 书呆子称之为杀手级应用程序的软件。如此有用的软件，以至于 人们会购买电脑只是为了运行它。对于 Apple II，这种情况 应用程序被称为 VisiCalc。它直接来自黑板上的 哈佛商学院。由研究生丹·布里克林发明。 与他的程序员朋友鲍勃·弗兰克斯顿一起，VisiCalc 是第一个电子表格软件 电子表格。电子表格是一种用于财务规划的工具，带来 首次将金钱的诱惑与权力结合在一起 微计算。丹·布里克林在哈佛的教授展示了公司如何 在黑板上用数字网格计算利润和费用。

Dan Bricklin 丹·布里克林

VisiCalc Inventor VisiCalc 发明者

Sixty down here and your profit would be this minus this which gives you forty. And then well let's see what's the sales growth, say there's a ten percent...

这里是六十，你的利润将是这个减去这个，结果是 四十。然后我们来看看销售增长，比如说有一个十。 百分比...

The trick to a spreadsheet is that all the values in the table are related to the others. So changes in one year would ripple through the table, affecting prices and profits in subseqent years. Students were asked to calculate how future profits would be affected by various business scenarios. It was called running the numbers and they did it laborously by hand.

电子表格的诀窍在于表格中的所有数值都是相关的 给其他人。因此，一年的变化会在表格中产生连锁反应， 影响后续年份的价格和利润。学生们被要求 计算未来利润将如何受到各种业务的影响 情景。它被称为跑数字，他们费力地做了这件事。 手工。

Dan Bricklin 丹·布里克林

Well let's say your initial costs have a hundred fixed costs at the beginning so now you have a minus twenty is how much you make the first year and in the second year you have a hundred but your variable is say let's say twenty-five so now your losing what is it - it's a pain in the neck I wasn't very good at this stuff - eighty what - no no no - fifteen - minus fifteen right and eventually your making money, what year do we make money and how much does the cost of money that's what running numbers was.

好吧，假设你的初始成本中有一百的固定成本在 开始，所以现在你有一个负二十，这是你赚的第一笔 第一年和第二年你有一百，但你的变量是说 假设是二十五，所以现在你失去了什么——这真是个麻烦 脖子 我不太擅长这些东西 - 八十什么 - 不不 不 - 十五 - 减去十五对，最终你赚钱了，什么 我们在哪一年赚钱，钱的成本是多少，这就是问题所在 跑数字是。

Because each value was linked to others, one mistake could mean disaster.

因为每个数值都与其他数值相关联，一个错误可能意味着灾难。

Dan Bricklin 丹·布里克林

It blows your all number afterwards because you make all your calculations based on the other numbers before them. If I had miscalculated...

因为你做了所有的计算，所以之后它会把你的所有数字弄乱 基于他们之前的其他数字。如果我算错了……

Dan, who had worked as a programmer, started daydreaming about how he could use a computer to replace the tedious hand calculations.

丹曾是一名程序员，他开始幻想自己如何能够 使用计算机替代繁琐的手工计算。

Dan Bricklin 丹·布里克林

I imagined that there was this magic blackboard that did like word processing does word wrapping - if you make a change to a word it automatically pulls everything back, well why no recalculate in the same way? So that if I change my number, you know, I should have used ten per cent instead of twelve per cent, I could just put it in and it would recalculate everything and go through it you know and that would be this idea of an electronic spread sheet.

我想象有一个神奇的黑板，可以像文字一样工作 处理会进行自动换行 - 如果你对一个单词进行更改，它会 自动将所有内容拉回，那么为什么不重新计算呢？ 同样的方法？这样如果我换了号码，你知道，我应该使用 百分之十而不是百分之十二，我可以直接放进去，它就会 会重新计算所有内容并逐一检查，你知道，那会 这个电子表格的想法。

Following a model that's common today, Dan Bricklin designed the program, but got his friend Bob Frankston to write the actual computer code. After months of programming late at night when computer time was cheaper, the Harvard Business School blackboard came to life.

遵循当今常见的模型，丹·布里克林设计了 程序，但让他的朋友鲍勃·弗兰克斯顿编写了实际的计算机程序 代码。在计算机时间有限的情况下，经过几个月的深夜编程后， 更便宜，哈佛商学院的黑板变得生动起来。

Dan Bricklin 丹·布里克林

Now weÍve set this up, OK. Then we type a new value in, then I'm going to take that one hundred, I'm going to change it right and here, it recalculated! Woa! That saved me so much time. People who saw it and went and got it like an accountant, I remember showing it to one around here and he started shaking and said that's what I do all week, I could do it in an hour you know, you know, they would take their credit cards and shove them in your face. I meet these people now they come up to me and say I gotta tell you you know...

现在我们已经设置好了，好的。然后我们输入一个新值，然后我将要 拿那一百，我要把它换成正确的，就在这里 重新计算！哇！这为我节省了很多时间。看到它的人都去 像个会计一样得到了它，我记得在这里给一个人看过 他开始发抖，说这就是我一周都在做的事，我可以做到 一个小时后，你知道，你知道，他们会拿出他们的信用卡并且 把它们塞进你的脸。我现在遇到这些人，他们走到我面前， 我得告诉你，你知道……

BOB: You changed my life.

鲍勃：你改变了我的生活。

DAN: You changed my life. You made accounting fun and...

丹：你改变了我的生活。你让会计变得有趣，而且……

Bob Frankston 鲍勃·弗兰克斯顿

VisiCalc Programmer VisiCalc 程序员

You have to remember what it was like in those days we did not use the word spreadsheet cause nobody knew what a spreadsheet was. I came up with the name visible calculator or visicalc because we wanted to emphasise that aspect.

你必须记住在那些日子里我们没有使用的情况 电子表格这个词，因为没有人知道电子表格是什么。我来了 起名为可见计算器或 VisiCalc，因为我们想要 强调那个方面。

VisiCalc hit the market in October, 1979, selling for $100. Marv Goldschmitt sold the first copies from his computer store in Bedford, Massachusetts. After a slow start VisiCalc took off.

VisiCalc 于 1979 年 10 月上市，售价为 100 美元。Marv 戈尔德施密特在贝德福德的电脑商店出售了第一批副本 马萨诸塞州。经过一个缓慢的开始，VisiCalc 起飞了。

Marv Goldschmitt 马夫·戈德施密特

What it did in our society, it gave people who were obsessed with numbers, whether they were in business or at home, how much am I worth today, what's my stock portfolio worth, how am I doing against budget on this project. It gave them an ability to play with scenarios and change it and say well, what if I do this. So it put people in a sense in control of the thing that lots of people in our society feel is driving them and that's numbers.

它在我们的社会中所做的，是给那些痴迷于...的人提供了机会 数字，无论是在商业中还是在家中，我值多少钱 今天，我的股票投资组合价值多少，我在预算方面表现如何？ 这个项目。它让他们能够玩转各种情景并进行更改。 它并说，好吧，如果我这样做会怎样。所以它在某种意义上让人们掌控局面。 在我们社会中，许多人感到推动他们的事情是 那是数字。

The spreadsheet was every businessman's crystal ball. It answered all those 'what if' questions. What if I fire the engineering department? What if I invest $10 million in pantyhose futures? Look! I'll be rich in under a year and have slimmer thighs at the same time! The Computer says so! The effect of the spreadsheet was enormous. Armed with an Apple 2 running Visicalc a twenty-four year old MBA with two pieces of dubious data could convince his corporate managers to allow him to loot the corporate pension fund and do a leverage buy-out. It was the perfect tool for the eighties...the lead decade where money was everything and greed was good. In five years, the PC had gone from a hobbyist's toy to an engine that shaped the times we lived in. Thanks to VisiCalc the Apple II made history.

电子表格是每个商人的水晶球。它回答了所有问题。 那些“如果”问题。如果我解雇工程部门怎么办？ 如果我投资一千万美元在长筒袜期货上呢？看！我会发财的 在不到一年的时间里，同时拥有更纤细的大腿！计算机 说是这样！电子表格的影响是巨大的。配备了一个 运行 Visicalc 的 Apple 2，拥有两件作品的二十四岁 MBA 可疑的数据可能会说服他的公司经理允许他 掠夺公司养老金并进行杠杆收购。它是 八十年代的完美工具……金钱至上的年代 一切和贪婪都是好的。在五年内，个人电脑已经从一个 从业余爱好者的玩具到塑造我们生活时代的引擎。谢谢 VisiCalc 让 Apple II 创造了历史。

Steve Wozniak 史蒂夫·沃兹尼亚克

Everybody you talked to just seemed excited about talking about what we were doing. And there was this huge media explosion, kind of like the Internet is receiving today, of this is the happening thing. You read about it over and over and over, and every time you took an airplane flight you read about it, in every newspaper every week you'd read something about small computers coming, and Apple was one of the highlight companies so we were being portrayed as a leader of a revolution, and we really felt that we were a leader of a revolution. We were going to change life a lot.

每个你交谈过的人似乎都对谈论什么感到兴奋 我们正在做的事情。然后发生了这种巨大的媒体爆炸，有点像 互联网正在接收今天，这是正在发生的事情。你 反复阅读，每次你拿起一本书时， 飞机航班你每周都会在每份报纸上读到它 读到一些关于小型计算机即将出现的内容，而苹果是其中之一 突出公司，所以我们被描绘成革命的领导者， 我们真的觉得自己是革命的领导者。我们正在去 改变生活很多。

Pretty good for a company started in a garage three years before. But not all the PC pioneers made great fortunes. Dan Bricklin decided not to patent his spreadsheet idea. Though more than 100 million spreadsheets have been sold since 1979, Bricklin and Frankston haven't earned VisiCalc royalties in years.

对于一家三年前在车库创办的公司来说，这已经相当不错了。但是 并不是所有的个人电脑先驱都赚了大钱。丹·布里克林决定不这样做。 为他的电子表格创意申请专利。尽管有超过一亿个电子表格 自 1979 年以来已被售出，布里克林和弗兰克斯顿没有从 VisiCalc 中获利 版税年限。

Dan Bricklin 丹·布里克林

You know, looking back at how successful a lot of other people have been it's kind of sad that we weren't as successful...

你知道，回顾其他许多人取得的成功 有点遗憾的是我们没有那么成功……

Bob Frankston 鲍勃·弗兰克斯顿

It would be very nice to be gazillionaires, but you can also understand that part of the reason was that that's not what we're trying to be.

成为亿万富翁会很好，但你也可以理解 部分原因是那不是我们想要成为的。

Dan Bricklin 丹·布里克林

We're kids of the Sixties and what did you want to do? You wanted to make the world better, and you wanted to make your mark on the world and improve things, and we did it. So by the mark of what we would measure ourselves by, we're very successful.

我们是六十年代的孩子，你想做什么？你想要 让世界变得更美好，你想在世界上留下你的印记 改善事物，我们做到了。因此，以我们将要做的标志来看， 衡量我们自己的标准，我们非常成功。

And what about Ed Roberts? Three years and 40,000 computers after assembling that first Altair, the fun was over for Ed. MITS was just another player in what had become a competitive market for personal computers. Roberts sold his company in 1978 and started a new life. He went back to his native Georgia and retrained as a doctor.

那么艾德·罗伯茨呢？三年和四万台电脑之后 组装第一台 Altair 后，乐趣对 Ed 来说就结束了。MITS 只是 在个人市场竞争激烈中又一个参与者 计算机。罗伯茨于 1978 年出售了他的公司，开始了新的生活。他 回到他的家乡乔治亚州，重新接受医生培训。

Ed Roberts 埃德·罗伯茨

I hadn't really thought anything at all about it for the last few years until people started taking credit for things that we did at MITS eh that's the only thing I think about. It irritates me when I think about the things that we did at MITS and we took all the heat for that other people have tried to take credit for and that frustrates me.

在过去的几年里，我真的没有对此有任何想法 直到人们开始为我们在 MITS 所做的事情邀功，那就是 我唯一想到的事情。当我想到这些事情时，它让我感到恼火。 我们在 MITS 所做的事情，我们为其他人承担了所有的压力 试图邀功，这让我感到沮丧。

While Ed Roberts invented the personal computer, it was the founders of Apple who got rich. When Apple went public in spectacular fashion in 1980, Jobs and Woz became multimillionaires. The nerds had inherited the earth.

虽然埃德·罗伯茨发明了个人电脑，但却是创始人们 苹果致富了。当苹果以引人注目的方式上市时， 1980 年，乔布斯和沃兹成为了千万富翁。书呆子们继承了 地球。

Steve Jobs 史蒂夫·乔布斯

I was worth about over a million dollars when I was twenty-three and over ten million dollars when I was twenty-four, and over a hundred million dollars when I was twenty-five and ehm it wasn't that important ehm because I never did it for the money.

我二十三岁时身价超过一百万美元，并且 当我二十四岁时，超过一千万美元，而超过一亿 百万美元，当我二十五岁的时候，嗯，那并不是那么重要 嗯，因为我从来不是为了钱才做的。

Steve Wozniak 史蒂夫·沃兹尼亚克

It was just a little hobby company like a lot of people do not thinking anything of it. I mean it wasn't as though we both thought it was going to go a long ways. It was like we'll both do it for fun but back then there was a short window in time where one person who could sit down and do some neat good designs could turn them into a huge thing like the Apple 2.

这只是一个小爱好公司，就像很多人没有多想一样 任何事情。我是说，这并不是说我们都认为它会继续。 走了很长的路。就像我们俩都会为了乐趣而做，但那时 有一段很短的时间，一个人可以坐下来并且 做一些巧妙的好设计可以将它们变成像苹果 2 那样的巨大事物。

It's astonishing that at the beginning of 1975 nobody owned a personal computer all there was was a mock-up on a magazine cover yet within five years there had emerged here in Silicon Valley a billion dollar industry. An unhealthy fascination with technology on the part of a few adolescents had awakened the nerd within us all. PC companies were sprouting like mushrooms to meet the enormous demand. Apple had emerged as the top fungus and had taken fifty per cent of the market. To the boys in Cupertino, every day seemed like Christmas...but Scrooge was around the corner. There was a company that everyone associated with the word computer, a company that expected, no demanded to dominate its market - IBM - Big Blue was on the move and Silicon Valley would soon be feeling the reverberations.

令人惊讶的是，在 1975 年初没有人拥有个人电脑 计算机只是在杂志封面上的一个模型，但在五年内 多年来，硅谷出现了一个价值数十亿美元的产业。 少数青少年对技术的不健康迷恋 唤醒了我们内心的书呆子。电脑公司如雨后春笋般涌现。 蘑菇以满足巨大的需求。苹果已成为顶级真菌。 并占据了市场的百分之五十。对于库比蒂诺的男孩们来说， 每天都像圣诞节……但斯克鲁奇就在附近。 有一家与“计算机”这个词息息相关的公司， 一家期望甚至要求主导其市场的公司——IBM——大公司 蓝色正在行动，硅谷很快就会感受到这种影响 余波。

电视节目记录：第三部分

In 1980, just four years after being founded in a Californian garage, Apple was the biggest maker of PCs in the world. Computer giant IBM was not amused and fought back, launching its own PC in 1981. Though built from copy-cat technology, IBM's PC was an enormous hit and spawned many imitators, the PC clones. But PCs were still a pain to use. A revolution was needed to make them friendlier. Now view on.

在1980 年，苹果公司在加州车库成立仅四年后，便已 世界上最大的个人电脑制造商。计算机巨头 IBM 并不感到好笑，并且 奋起反击，于 1981 年推出了自己的个人电脑。尽管是由模仿技术构建的， IBM 的个人电脑取得了巨大成功，并催生了许多模仿者，即 PC 克隆机。但个人电脑是 仍然很难使用。需要一场革命来使它们更友好。现在继续观看。

Ladies and gentlemen welcome to the launch of Windows 95. Yes welcome Microsoftees nice to have you all here. But now let's welcome the chairman of Microsoft. Listen to this. This is a man, a man so successful his chaffeur is Ross Perot ladies and gentlemen...please welcome Bill Gates.

女士们，先生们，欢迎参加 Windows 95 的发布会。是的，欢迎微软员工。 很高兴你们都在这里。但现在让我们欢迎微软的主席。请听 对此。这是一个人，一个如此成功的人，他的司机是罗斯·佩罗，女士们和先生们。 先生们……请欢迎比尔·盖茨。

It's August 24th, 1995. In a suburb of Seattle in the Pacific Northwest, this is the biggest, noisiest product launch in the history of the personal computer. It's Windows 95 software - and Bill Gates is the star, chairman, chief nerd and spiritual leader of Microsoft. This is the latest step in Bill's dream to have his software running on every PC in the world.

1995 年 8 月 24 日。在太平洋西北部的西雅图郊区，这个 是个人计算机历史上最大、最喧闹的产品发布。 这是 Windows 95 软件 - 而比尔·盖茨是明星、主席、首席书呆子和 微软的精神领袖。这是比尔实现梦想的最新一步。 他的软件在世界上每台电脑上运行。

Bill Gates 比尔·盖茨

We wanted people to be able to appreciate how Windows 95 makes computing faster, easier and more fun. And for seven years it was a lonely, lonely crusade...this moves the whole PC industry up to a whole new level...

我们希望人们能够欣赏到 Windows 95 如何让计算变得更快 更容易，更有趣。七年来，这是一场孤独、孤独的征战……这 将整个个人电脑行业提升到一个全新的水平……

Wait a minute all this publicity is so Bill Gates can claim that Windows 95 is the latest and perhaps the most significant improvement in the PC since it was invented. He can say that his new operating system makes PC's nicer to look at and easier to use than ever before. They'll no longer be just for geeks and nerds they'll be so easy to use that even my mother will want one...but you know what - most of the ideas in Windows 95 were invented twenty years ago. The 20 year journey to this software celebration hasn't been easy. It has involved huge gambles, passionate commitment, dramatic setbacks and required the occasional crushing of rivals and allies. It's the triumph of Bill Gates' commercial vision. Success in the market place doesn't have to come from innovation, or from being the best, if you have a ruthless ability to exploit your opportunities. And the way Microsoft made the PC's graphical user interface its own is a textbook example of that ability. Time for another Cringely crash course in elementary computing. In the early days of personal computing the machines were pretty hard to use in part that's because they were primitive but it's also because computer guys tend to like things that are pretty hard to use. This is an IBMPC circa about 1983 and on it I have written a letter to my bank manager asking him to back one of my get rich quick schemes and I need to file the letter now and let me show you how I do it - there will be a test on this. OK the commands are - copy c, colon, backslash, quickrich, dot, doc space a colon bakcslash begging and return - well not very easy to do. Here's a windows PC about twelve years newer and we'll do exactly the same thing - I've written a document - quickrich, dot doc and I put it in the begging file and it yes I really do mean to do it and that's it. Pictures rather than words making the PC easy and intuitive. This is called a graphical user interface - GUI or gooey - where they come up with these names. The battle to bring gooeys to PCs and make them more user friendly took ten years and is a helluva story - that is what this program is about. It's also about how Bill Gates ended up master of the gooey universe and a gazillionaire. I never said it was a fairy story. It all began in 1971 in Palo Alto, just south of San Francisco, when Xerox, the copier company, set up the Palo Alto Research Center, or PARC. The Xerox management had a sinking feeling that if people started reading computer screens instead of paper, Xerox was in trouble. Unless...they could dominate the paperless office of the future.

等一下，所有这些宣传都是为了让比尔·盖茨声称 Windows 95 是 自从个人电脑问世以来，最新且可能是最重要的改进是 发明了。他可以说他的新操作系统让电脑看起来更好看。 比以往任何时候都更容易使用。它们将不再仅仅是极客和书呆子的专属。 它们将如此易于使用，甚至我妈妈都会想要一个……但你知道吗，大多数 Windows 95 中的一些理念是在二十年前发明的。通往这二十年的旅程 这个软件庆祝活动并不容易。它涉及巨大的赌注， 热情的承诺，戏剧性的挫折和偶尔的打击 对手和盟友。这是比尔·盖茨商业愿景的胜利。成功 在市场上不一定要来自创新，或来自成为最好的， 如果你有无情地利用机会的能力。而且方式 微软将个人电脑的图形用户界面变成自己的，这是一个教科书式的例子 那种能力。是时候再来一次 Cringely 的基础计算速成课程了。 在个人计算机的早期阶段，这些机器相当难以使用 部分原因是他们很原始，但也因为计算机人员倾向于 喜欢那些相当难用的东西。这是一台大约 1983 年的 IBM PC， 在上面我写了一封信给我的银行经理，要求他支持我的一个计划 快速致富计划，我现在需要提交这封信，让我告诉你我是怎么做的 它 - 这上面会有一个测试。好的，命令是 - 复制 c，冒号，反斜杠， 快速富裕，点，文档空间一个冒号反斜杠乞求和返回 - 嗯，不是很容易 要做的事情。这里有一台大约新十二年的 Windows 电脑，我们将做完全相同的事情。 事情 - 我写了一份文件 - quickrich，点 doc，我把它放在开头 文件，是的，我确实打算这样做，就是这样。图片而不是 使个人电脑易于使用且直观的词语。这被称为图形用户 界面 - GUI 或 gooey - 他们是怎么想出这些名字的。争斗以 将图形用户界面引入个人电脑并使其更易于使用花了十年时间，并且是一个 了不起的故事——这就是这个节目的主题。它也涉及比尔·盖茨如何 最终成为黏糊糊宇宙的主人和亿万富翁。我从没说过这是一个 童话故事。这一切始于 1971 年，在旧金山以南的帕洛阿尔托，当时 施乐，这家复印机公司，成立了帕洛阿尔托研究中心，简称 PARC。施乐 管理层有一种不祥的预感，如果人们开始阅读电脑屏幕的话 取代纸张，施乐陷入困境。除非……他们能够主导无纸化。 未来办公室。

Bob Taylor 鲍勃·泰勒

Former Head of Computer Science Lab, Xerox PARC

前施乐帕洛阿尔托研究中心计算机科学实验室主任

You could take computer technology into the office and make the office a much better place to work, more productive, more enjoyable - a lot more enjoyable, ehm more interesting, more rewarding and so we set to work on it.

您可以将计算机技术带入办公室，使办公室变得更加 更好的工作场所，更高效，更愉快——更加愉快， 嗯，更有趣，更有收获，所以我们开始着手处理它。

Bob Taylor ran the Computer Science Lab and one of the first things he did was to buy bean bags for his researchers to sit on and brainstorm.

鲍勃·泰勒负责计算机科学实验室，他做的第一件事是 为他的研究人员购买豆袋椅，以便坐下来进行头脑风暴。

Bob Taylor 鲍勃·泰勒

Here's a couple of the original beanbag chairs. The role of the beanbag in computer science is ease of use.

这是几个原始的豆袋椅。豆袋椅的作用在于 计算机科学是易用性。

BOB: OK. 鲍勃：好的。

It was said that of the top 100 computer researchers in the world, 58 worked at PARC. Strange, as the staff never exceeded 50.

据说在世界顶尖的 100 位计算机研究人员中，有 58 位在 PARC。奇怪的是，员工人数从未超过 50 人。

Bob Taylor 鲍勃·泰勒

See you didn't get your butt low enough...

看起来你没有把屁股放得够低……

But Taylor gave these nerd geniuses unlimited resources and protected them from commercial pressures.

但泰勒给了这些书呆子天才无限的资源并保护他们 来自商业压力。

BOB: It's very comfortable.

BOB：这非常舒适。

BOB TAYLOR: Now let's see you get out of it.

BOB TAYLOR：现在让我们看看你怎么摆脱它。

BOB: I feel my neural capacity already increasing - Oh God...

BOB：我感觉我的神经容量已经在增加——哦，天哪……

John Warnock 约翰·沃诺克

Former Xerox PARC Researcher

前施乐帕洛阿尔托研究中心研究员

The atmosphere was electric eh there was total intellectual freedom. There was no conventional wisdom almost every idea was up for challenge and got challenged regularly.

气氛非常热烈，完全是知识自由。那里有 没有传统智慧，几乎每个想法都可以被挑战并且被挑战了 定期。

Larry Tesler 拉里·特斯勒

Former Xerox PARC Researcher

前施乐帕洛阿尔托研究中心研究员

The management said go create the new world. We don't understand it. Here are people who have a lot of ideas and tremendous talent, young, energetic.

管理层说去创造新世界。我们不理解。这是 有很多想法和巨大才华的人，年轻，有活力。

Adele Goldberg 阿黛尔·戈德堡

Former Xerox PARC Researcher

前施乐帕洛阿尔托研究中心研究员

People came there specifically to work on five year programs that were their dreams.

人们专门来到那里从事他们的五年计划工作 梦想。

This is a computer room in the basement of the Xerox Pala Alto Research Centre...about twenty five years ago they built the max time sharing system and now it's loaded with all sorts of other computers and eh there's one that we're really interested in here let's see here it is let me turn on the lights. OK here we have it. This is a Xerox/Alto computer built around 1973. Some people would argue that this is the first personal computer. Ah it really isn't because for one thing it wasn't ever for sale and the parts alone cost about $10,000 but it has all the elements of quite a modern personal computer and without it we wouldn't have the Macintosh, we wouldn't have Windows we wouldn't have most of the things we value in computing today and ironically none of those things has a Xerox name on it.

这是位于施乐帕洛阿尔托研究中心地下室的计算机房 中心……大约二十五年前，他们建立了最大时间共享系统，并且 现在它装满了各种其他计算机，呃，我们有一个是我们正在.. 真的对这里感兴趣，让我们看看，这里是，让我开灯。 好的，我们有了它。这是一台大约 1973 年制造的 Xerox/Alto 计算机。有些人 会有人认为这是第一台个人电脑。啊，实际上并不是。 因为首先它从未出售过，仅零件就花费了大约 $10,000，但它具备了现代个人电脑的所有元素，并且没有 如果没有它，我们就不会有 Macintosh，我们就不会有 Windows，我们就不会有大多数 我们今天在计算中重视的东西，讽刺的是，这些东西中没有一个 上面有施乐的名字。

Commercial 商业

WhatÍs the mail this morning?

今天早上的邮件是什么？

This promotional film made in the mid seventies, to flaunt XEROX PARC research, shows just how revolutionary the Alto was. It was friendly and intuitive.

这部在七十年代中期制作的宣传片，旨在炫耀 XEROX PARC 的研究， 展示了 Alto 是多么具有革命性。它是友好且直观的。

Commercial 商业

This is an experimental office system. It's in use now...

这是一个实验性的办公系统。它现在正在使用中……

It had the first GUI using a mouse to point to information on the screen. It was linked to other PCs, by a system called ethernet, the first computer network. And what you saw on the screen was precisely what you got on your laser printer. It was way ahead of its time.

它是第一个使用鼠标在屏幕上指向信息的图形用户界面。 通过一种叫做以太网的系统连接到其他电脑，这是第一个计算机网络。而且 你在屏幕上看到的正是你在激光打印机上得到的。 它远远超前于其时代。

Commercial 商业

Thank you Fred. 谢谢弗雷德。

Many of the research team left Xerox, they started their own companies and made a lot of money by exploiting their own ideas. Bob Metcalfe made enough from what he invented at PARC to furnish him with the good things in life - including this boat and a prime berth in New York Harbour whenever he visits the Big Apple.

许多研究团队成员离开了施乐，他们创办了自己的公司并取得了成功 通过利用自己的想法赚了很多钱。鲍勃·梅特卡夫从他所做的事情中赚了足够的钱。 在帕洛阿尔托研究中心发明，以提供他生活中的美好事物——包括这艘船 每当他访问大苹果时，在纽约港有一个优先泊位。

Bob Metcalfe 鲍勃·梅特卡夫

Former Xerox PARC Researcher

前施乐帕洛阿尔托研究中心研究员

And here I am happy and healthy and I invented ethernet! HAHAHA And there's now 50 million people using ethernet which is pretty amazing.

在这里我快乐健康，我发明了以太网！哈哈哈，现在有 5000 万人使用以太网，这非常惊人。

Those early PARC researchers were truly inventing the future.

那些早期的 PARC 研究人员确实在发明未来。

Bob Metcalfe 鲍勃·梅特卡夫

We're going to build these personal computers - we're going to put one on every desk. Now in 1996 one on every desk doesn't sound that amazing does it...but in 1971/2 you were lucky to have a computer in your city let alone your building and if it was in your building there'd be one and we were talking about putting them on every desk and this required a new kind of network.

我们要制造这些个人电脑——我们要在每个上放一个 桌子。现在在 1996 年，每张桌子上都有一个听起来并不那么神奇……但在 1971/2 你能在你的城市里拥有一台电脑就已经很幸运了，更不用说在你的建筑里了 如果是在你的楼里，就会有一个，我们正在讨论放置它们 在每张桌子上，这需要一种新型网络。

Larry Tesler 拉里·特斯勒

Everybody wanted to make a real difference, we really thought that we were changing the world and that at the end of this project or this set of projects personal computing would burst on the scene exactly the way we had envisioned it and take everybody by total surprise.

每个人都想做出真正的改变，我们真的以为我们在改变 世界和在这个项目或这一系列项目结束时个人 计算将以我们设想的方式突然出现并占据一席之地 每个人都感到非常惊讶。

But the brilliant researchers at PARC could never persuade the Xerox management that their vision was accurate. Head Office in New York ignored the revolutionary technologies they owned three thousand miles away. They just didn't get it.

但是 PARC 的杰出研究人员始终无法说服施乐的管理层 他们的愿景是准确的。纽约总部忽视了革命性的 他们拥有的技术在三千英里之外。他们就是不明白。

John Warnock 约翰·沃诺克

None of the main body of the company was prepared to accept the answers. So there was a tremendous mismatch between the management and what the researchers were doing and these guys had never fantasised about what the future of the office was going to be and when it was presented to them they had no mechanisms for turning those ideas into real live products and that was really the frustrating part of it was you were talking to people who didn't understand the vision and yet the vision was getting created everyday within the Palo Alto Research Centre and there was no one to receive that vision.

公司主体的任何成员都不愿接受这些答案。因此，那里 管理层和研究人员之间存在巨大的不匹配 做这些事情的人从未幻想过办公室的未来会是什么样子 将要成为，当它呈现给他们时，他们没有机制去处理 将这些想法变成真正的实物产品，这确实令人沮丧 部分原因是你在与不理解这个愿景的人交谈，但仍然 愿景每天都在帕洛阿尔托研究中心内被创造出来，并且 没有人接收到那个愿景。

But a few miles down the road from Palo Alto was a man ready to share the vision. The most dangerous man in Silicon Valley sits in an office in this building. People love him and hate him. Often at the same time. For ten years by sheer force of will he made the personal computer industry follow his direction. With this guy we're not talking about someone driven by the profit motive in a desire for an opulent retirement at the age of forty, no we're talking holy war we're talking rivers of blood and fields of dead martyrs to the cause of greater computing. We're talking about a guy who sees the personal computer as his tool for changing the world. We're talking about Steve Jobs.

但在帕洛阿尔托几英里外的路上，有一个人准备分享 视野。硅谷最危险的人坐在这间办公室里。 建筑。人们爱他也恨他。常常同时如此。十年来 凭借强大的意志力，他让个人电脑行业遵循他的方向。 对于这个人，我们不是在谈论一个受利润动机驱动的人 渴望在四十岁时过上奢华的退休生活，不，我们在谈论圣战 我们在谈论为了更伟大的事业而流血成河和烈士遍野 计算。我们谈论的是一个将个人电脑视为工具的人。 为了改变世界。我们在谈论史蒂夫·乔布斯。

Steve Jobs 史蒂夫·乔布斯

Hi I'm Steve Jobs. 嗨，我是史蒂夫·乔布斯。

Larry Tesler 拉里·特斯勒

When I wasn't sure what the word charisma meant, I met Steve Jobs and then I knew.

当我不确定“魅力”这个词的意思时，我遇到了史蒂夫·乔布斯，然后我 知道。

Bob Metcalfe 鲍勃·梅特卡夫

Steve Jobs is on my eternal heroes list, there's nothing he can ever do to get off it.

史蒂夫·乔布斯在我永恒的英雄名单上，他无论做什么都无法改变这一点 关掉它。

Larry Tesler 拉里·特斯勒

Chief Scientist, Apple Computer

首席科学家，苹果电脑

He wanted you to be great and he wanted you to create something that was great and he was going to make you do that.

他希望你变得出色，并希望你创造出伟大的东西 他打算让你那样做。

Bob Metcalfe 鲍勃·梅特卡夫

He's also obnoxious and this comes from his high standards. He has extremely high standards and he has no patience with people who don't either share those standards or perform to them.

他也很讨厌，这源于他的高标准。他有极高的 标准，他对那些不分享这些标准的人没有耐心 标准或执行它们。

Steve Jobs 史蒂夫·乔布斯

And I'm also one of these people. I don't really care about being right you know I just care about success.

而我也是这样的人。我并不太在乎是否正确，你知道的。 我只关心成功。

Steve Jobs had co-founded Apple Computer in 1976. The first popular personal computer, the Apple 2, was a hit - and made Steve Jobs one of the biggest names of a brand-new industry. At the height of Apple's early success in December 1979, Jobs, then all of 24, had a privileged invitation to visit Xerox Parc.

史蒂夫·乔布斯于 1976 年共同创立了苹果电脑。第一个受欢迎的个人 计算机，Apple 2，大获成功——使史蒂夫·乔布斯成为最知名的人物之一 一个全新行业。在 1979 年 12 月苹果早期成功的巅峰时期， 乔布斯当时只有 24 岁，受邀参观施乐帕克研究中心。

Steve Jobs 史蒂夫·乔布斯

And they showed me really three things. But I was so blinded by the first one I didn't even really see the other two. One of the things they showed me was object orienting programming they showed me that but I didn't even see that. The other one they showed me was a networked computer system...they had over a hundred Alto computers all networked using email etc., etc., I didn't even see that. I was so blinded by the first thing they showed me which was the graphical user interface. I thought it was the best thing I'd ever seen in my life. Now remember it was very flawed, what we saw was incomplete, they'd done a bunch of things wrong. But we didn't know that at the time but still though they had the germ of the idea was there and they'd done it very well and within you know ten minutes it was obvious to me that all computers would work like this some day.

他们实际上给我展示了三样东西。但我被第一个完全蒙蔽了。 甚至没有真正看到另外两个。他们给我展示的其中一件东西是物体。 面向编程他们给我看了，但我甚至没有看到。另一个 他们给我展示的其中一个是联网计算机系统……他们有一百多台。 Alto 计算机全部通过电子邮件等联网，我甚至没有看到。 被他们展示给我的第一件东西——图形用户界面所蒙蔽。 我认为那是我这辈子见过的最好的东西。现在记住它是非常 有缺陷，我们看到的是不完整的，他们做错了很多事情。但是我们 当时不知道，但仍然认为他们有这个想法的萌芽 在那里，他们做得非常好，并且在十分钟内就显而易见了 对我来说，总有一天所有的计算机都会像这样工作。

It was a turning-point. Jobs decided that this was the way forward for Apple.

这是一个转折点。乔布斯决定这就是苹果的前进方向。

Adele Goldberg 阿黛尔·戈德堡

Founder, PARC Place Systems

创始人，PARC Place Systems

He came back and I almost said asked, but the truth is, demanded that his entire programming team get a demo of the Smalltalk System and the then head of the science centre asked me to give the demo because Steve specifically asked for me to give the demo and I said no way. I had a big argument with these Xerox executives telling them that they were about to give away the kitchen sink and I said that I would only do it if I were ordered to do it cause then of course it would be their responsibility, and that's what they did.

他回来了，我差点说是请求，但事实是，他要求他的整个 编程团队获得了 Smalltalk 系统的演示，当时的负责人 科学中心让我做演示，因为史蒂夫特别点名让我来 去做演示，我说不可能。我和这些施乐高管发生了激烈的争论。 告诉他们，他们几乎要把所有东西都送出去，我说过 我只有在被命令去做的时候才会去做，因为那样当然就会是 他们的责任，他们就是这样做的。

Demonstration 示范

The mouse is a pointing device that moves a cursor around the display screen.

鼠标是一种指向设备，用于在显示屏上移动光标。

Adele and her colleagues showed the Apple programmers an Alto machine running a graphical user interface.

阿黛尔和她的同事们向苹果程序员展示了一台运行中的 Alto 机器 图形用户界面。

Demonstration 示范

A selected window displays above other windows much like place a piece of paper on top of a stack on a desk.

选定的窗口显示在其他窗口之上，就像把一张纸放在上面一样 桌子上堆叠的顶部。

The visitors from Apple saw a computer that was designed to be easy to use, a machine that anybody could operate and find friendly...even the French.

来自苹果的访客看到了一台设计为易于使用的电脑， 任何人都能操作并觉得友好的机器……甚至是法国人。

Bill Atkinson 比尔·阿特金森

Designer, Macintosh Development Team

设计师，Macintosh 开发团队

I think mostly what...what we got in that hour and a half was inspiration and just sort of basically a bolstering of our convictions that a more graphical way to do things would make this business computer more accessible.

我认为在那一个半小时里，我们主要得到的是灵感和 只是基本上加强了我们对更图形化的信念 这样做会使这台商务电脑更易于使用。

Larry Tesler 拉里·特斯勒

After an hour looking at demos they understood our technology, and what it meant more than any Xerox executive understood after years of showing it to them.

看了一个小时的演示后，他们理解了我们的技术及其意义 超过任何施乐高管在多年来向他们展示后所理解的。

Steve Jobs 史蒂夫·乔布斯

Basically they were copier heads that just had no clue about a computer or what it could do. And so they just grabbed eh grabbed defeat from the greatest victory in the computer industry. Xerox could have owned the entire computer industry today. Could have been you know a company ten times its size. Could have been IBM - could have been the IBM of the nineties. Could have been the Microsoft of the nineties.

基本上，他们就是一些对电脑一无所知的复印机头 它可以做到。因此，他们只是从最伟大的中抓住了失败。 在计算机行业的胜利。施乐本可以拥有整个计算机行业。 当今行业。可能是你知道的一个规模是其十倍的公司。可能已经 曾经是 IBM - 本可以成为九十年代的 IBM。本可以成为微软。 九十年代。

For Steve Jobs the road to Damascus passed through Palo Alto. He persuaded the Apple board to invest in technology copying what he'd seen at Xerox Parc - his instrument of change. They hired a hundred engineers and started developing a new PC codenamed Lisa. But there were problems. They couldn't get it to work properly and the pricetag was heading toward $10,000 - way too much for the average PC buyer. Jobs' domineering style drove everyone nutstoo so the board ousted him from his own pet project.

对于史蒂夫·乔布斯来说，通往大马士革的道路经过帕洛阿尔托。他说服了 苹果董事会决定投资于他在施乐帕克看到的技术复制品 变革的工具。他们雇佣了一百名工程师并开始开发一个 新的电脑代号为 Lisa。但出现了问题。他们无法让它正常工作。 正确，价格标签接近 $10,000 - 对于普通人来说太高了 PC 买家。乔布斯的专横风格让所有人都抓狂，所以董事会把他赶走了。 从他自己的宠物项目中。

Steve Jobs 史蒂夫·乔布斯

You know I brooded for a few months, but it was not very long after that that it really occurred to me that if we didn't do something here the Apple 2 was running out of gas and we needed to do something with this technology fast or else Apple might cease to exist as the company that it was.

你知道我沉思了几个月，但在那之后没过多久 我真的意识到，如果我们不在这里做点什么，Apple 2 就会 汽油快用完了，我们需要快速利用这项技术，否则 否则苹果可能不再是原来的公司。

Jobs found his answer from Jeff Raskin, Apple employee number 31. Raskin's idea was a $600 computer - as easy to use as a toaster - code-named Macintosh, after America's favourite apple. Jobs liked the price but not Raskin's design ideas. So Steve took over the Macintosh project, determined to make it a cheaper Lisa.

乔布斯从苹果公司第 31 号员工杰夫·拉斯金那里找到了答案。拉斯金的想法 是一台 600 美元的电脑——像烤面包机一样易于使用——代号为 Macintosh，之后 美国人最喜欢的苹果。乔布斯喜欢价格，但不喜欢拉斯金的设计理念。 所以史蒂夫接手了 Macintosh 项目，决心将其做成一个更便宜的 Lisa。

Steve Jobs 史蒂夫·乔布斯

And so I formed a small team to do the Macintosh and we were on a mission from God you know to save Apple.

于是我组建了一个小团队来做 Macintosh，我们的任务是来自 上帝，你知道要拯救苹果。

Steve needed to find the right people to join in his technological crusade...brilliant engineers who would worship him.

史蒂夫需要找到合适的人加入他的技术改革……才华横溢。 崇拜他的工程师。

Andy Hertzfeld 安迪·赫茨菲尔德

Designer, Macintosh Development Team

设计师，Macintosh 开发团队

Steve Jobs kind of came bopping by my cubicle saying OK you're working on the Mac now. And I said well I have to finish up this Apple 2 stuff I'm doing here. No you don't that stinks that's not going to amount to anything you gotta start now. And I said well just give me a few days to finish and he said no and what he did was he pulled the plug on my Apple 2 that I was programming just losing, losing the code I'm working on and start taking my computer and walking away with it and what could I do but follow him out to his car cause he had my machine he plopped it down in the trunk and drove me over to this remote building, took the computer out, walked upstairs, plopped it down on a desk, well you're working on the Mac now.

史蒂夫·乔布斯有点儿蹦蹦跳跳地走到我的隔间，说好吧，你在负责 Mac 项目 现在。我说好吧，我得把我正在做的这个 Apple 2 的事情完成。 不，你不行，那很糟糕，那不会有任何结果，你得开始 现在。我说那就给我几天时间完成，他说不，然后他 他拔掉了我正在编程的苹果 2 的插头，我就这样失去了 丢失我正在处理的代码，然后开始拿走我的电脑并离开 它，我能做什么，只能跟着他到他的车上，因为他拿着我的机器 把它放进后备箱，开车带我去了这座偏僻的建筑，拿了 电脑拿出来，走上楼，把它放在桌子上，好吧，你正在处理 现在的 Mac。

While Jobs pursued his MacMission he needed a more orthodox chief executive to run the company. A respectable face who could sell to corporate America. He chose Pepsi-Cola executive John Sculley. Sculley refused - leave Pepsi for 4 year old company that had been set up in a garage! Are you serious?! But it was hard saying no to Steve Jobs.

在乔布斯追求他的 Mac 使命时，他需要一位更正统的首席执行官来 经营公司。一个可以向美国企业销售的体面人物。他 选择了百事可乐高管约翰·斯卡利。斯卡利拒绝了——离开百事可乐已有 4 年。 老公司是在车库里成立的！你是认真的吗？！但这很难 对史蒂夫·乔布斯说不。

John Sculley 约翰·斯卡利

President, Apple Computer, 1983-93

总裁，苹果电脑，1983-1993 年

And then he looked up at me and just stared at me with the stare that only Steve Jobs has and he said do you want to sell sugar water for the rest of your life or do you want to come with me and change the world and I just gulped because I knew I would wonder for the rest of my life what I would have missed.

然后他抬头看着我，用只有...的目光盯着我 史蒂夫·乔布斯曾说过，你想卖一辈子糖水吗？ 生活，还是你想和我一起改变世界，我只是因为紧张而咽了口水 我知道我会在余生中想知道我错过了什么。

For the young Mac team, average age 21, this was the start of the toughest, but most exhilarating assignment of their lives, relentlessly driven by Jobs' ego.

对于平均年龄 21 岁的年轻 Mac 团队来说，这是最艰难的开始，但 他们一生中最令人振奋的任务，被乔布斯的自我驱动着不懈前行。

BOB: Oh look at this and who is this fresh-faced young guy here?

BOB：哦，看看这个，这个年轻的小伙子是谁？

ANDY: That's me eleven years ago - had more hair I guess little thinner. Oh I love these people. They're like family to me really and we were united by this common bond of trying to do this incredible thing with the Mac.

安迪：那是十一年前的我——头发更多，我想也更瘦一点。哦，我爱 这些人。他们对我来说就像家人一样，我们因这个共同点而团结在一起。 努力用 Mac 做这件不可思议的事情的纽带。

Jobs wanted the Mac to revolutionise the PC market - so he insisted that the team deliver perfection.

乔布斯希望 Mac 革新 PC 市场，因此他坚持要求团队 交付完美。

Andy Hertzfeld 安迪·赫茨菲尔德

Steve was upset that the Mac took too long to boot to boot up when you first turned it on so he tried motivating Larry Kenyon by telling him well you know how many millions of people are going to buy this machine - it's going to be millions of people and let's imagine that you can make it boot five seconds faster well that's five seconds times a million every day that's fifty lifetimes, if you can shave five seconds off that you're saving fifty lives. And so it was a nice way of thinking about it, and we did get it to go faster.

史蒂夫对 Mac 第一次启动时花费太长时间感到不满 他打开了它，所以他试图通过告诉拉里·肯扬你知道如何来激励他 数以百万计的人将购买这台机器——这将是数百万 人们，让我们想象一下，你可以让它启动快五秒 那是每天五秒乘以一百万，那是五十个一生，如果你能做到的话 将时间缩短五秒钟，你就能拯救五十条生命。所以这是一种很好的方式。 想了想，我们确实让它跑得更快了。

Larry Tesler 拉里·特斯勒

And the little things he did would create incredible pressure unlike I'd ever experienced before just tearing you to the bone ripping you apart and making you feel worthless.

他做的小事会产生我从未经历过的巨大压力 经历过之前只是撕裂到骨头，把你撕碎并让你 感到无价值。

Bill Atkinson 比尔·阿特金森

I mean, he would sometimes tell people this is shit and you had to understand what that meant in Jobs language, you see.

我的意思是，他有时会告诉别人这很糟糕，而你必须理解 在乔布斯的语言中，这意味着什么，你明白吗。

BOB: What did it mean?

鲍勃：这是什么意思？

BILL: As an engineer, if you understood his language you would understand that that was a request to teach me about this.

比尔：作为一名工程师，如果你理解他的语言，你就会理解 那是一个请求，教我关于这方面的知识。

Steve Jobs 史蒂夫·乔布斯

No that's not usually what I meant. I you know when you get really good people they know they're really good and you don't have to baby peoples egos so much.

不，那通常不是我的意思。你知道，当你遇到非常优秀的人时。 他们知道自己真的很优秀，你不必过多地迁就别人的自尊心。

Bill Atkinson 比尔·阿特金森

And maybe in the process of that dialogue Steve will suggest something that caused his engineers to go back and make it better yet and that's actually what a happened a lot of times Steve really did make the product better without even knowing exactly how the engineer was doing it.

也许在对话的过程中，史蒂夫会提出一些建议， 导致他的工程师们回去改进它，这实际上就是 史蒂夫确实在很多时候让产品变得更好，甚至没有 确切地知道工程师是如何做到的。

Andy Hertzfeld 安迪·赫茨菲尔德

And then this is one of the very first Macintosh wire-wrap. This is wire-wrap board No. 4.

然后这是最早的麦金塔线缠之一。这是线缠。 第 4 号板。

As the Mac progressed, new features were continually being added. Jobs said the Mac had to be 'insanely great' and pushed his engineers to the limit. He had to - because by early 1983, Apple was in trouble. And this was what was giving Apple such a headache...IBM's first PC launched in 1981. It was a runaway success. Within a couple of years more than 2 million units had been shipped overtaking Apple and making Big Blue the biggest player in the market.

随着 Mac 的发展，不断添加新功能。乔布斯说， Mac 必须做到“极其出色”，并将他的工程师推到了极限。他曾经 到 - 因为到 1983 年初，苹果公司陷入了困境。这就是导致 苹果真让人头疼……IBM 的第一台个人电脑于 1981 年推出。它取得了巨大的成功。 在几年内，超过 200 万台设备已被运送，超越了 苹果使大蓝成为市场上最大的参与者。

Commercial 商业

When IBM personal computer owners look for good software where can they turn - to IBM.

当 IBM 个人电脑用户寻找好的软件时，他们可以去哪里 转向 IBM。

What was driving IBM PC sales was software...

推动 IBM PC 销售的是软件...

Commercial 商业

Business program, entertainment, productivity, education.

商业程序、娱乐、生产力、教育。

But software for an IBM wouldn't run on the Mac. If the Macintosh was to succeed Jobs needed killer applications. Enter 25 year old software supremo Bill Gates. At that time his company Microsoft had one hundred workers and was growing like crazy thanks to DOS, the operating system that drove the IBM PC. But DOS sure wasn't a GUI. Gates and his aggressive number 2 Steve Ballmer were immediately intrigued by the Mac.

但是适用于 IBM 的软件无法在 Mac 上运行。如果 Macintosh 要 成功需要杀手级应用程序。25 岁的软件霸主登场。 比尔·盖茨。那时，他的公司微软有一百名员工，并且是 由于推动 IBM PC 的操作系统 DOS，增长迅猛。 但 DOS 当然不是图形用户界面。盖茨和他那咄咄逼人的二号人物史蒂夫·鲍尔默是 立刻对 Mac 产生了兴趣。

Steve Ballmer 史蒂夫·鲍尔默

Jobs talked to Bill at some industry conference and said hey we're doing, I think LISA was sort of in development and he said I'm gonna do the graphical interface machine here at Apple not just that LISA thing Bill I'm going to do the one the one that's really going to be the winner.

乔布斯在某个行业会议上和比尔交谈时说，嘿，我们正在做，我 我认为 LISA 还在开发中，他说我要做图形化的 在苹果这里的界面机器不仅仅是那个 LISA 东西，比尔，我打算做这个 真正会成为赢家的那个。

While the Mac was being developed, Jobs staged an event, a parody of a TV game show, to whip up enthusiasm among software developers.

在 Mac 开发期间，乔布斯举办了一场活动，模仿了一档电视游戏节目 展示，以激发软件开发人员的热情。

MAC Dating Game MAC 约会游戏

And now ladies and gentlemen the Macintosh Software Dating Game...

现在，女士们先生们，Macintosh 软件约会游戏...

Jobs got the three top software bosses of the time to sing the Mac's praises. One of them was Bill Gates. Steve didn't realise he was opening the door to the man who'd prove to be Apple's main rival.

乔布斯让当时的三大软件巨头为 Mac 唱赞歌。 其中一位是比尔·盖茨。史蒂夫没有意识到他正在打开通往...的门。 成为苹果主要竞争对手的男人。

JOBS: When was your first date with the Macintosh?

工作：你第一次与 Macintosh 约会是什么时候？

GATES: We've been working with the Mac for almost two years now and we put some of our really good people on it and eh...

盖茨：我们与 Mac 合作已经快两年了，我们投入了一些 我们真正优秀的人参与其中，嗯……

Bill Gates 比尔·盖茨

Even before we finished our work on the IBM PC, er, Steve Jobs came and talked about what he wanted to do what he thought he could do sort of a LISA but cheaper. We said boy we'd love to help out. The LISA had all its own applications but of course they required a lot of memory ah and we thought we could do better and so Steve signed a deal with us to actually provide bundled applications for the first Mac and so we were big believers in the Mac and what Steve was doing there.

甚至在我们完成 IBM PC 的工作之前，呃，史蒂夫·乔布斯就来了并进行了交谈 关于他想做什么，他认为自己能做什么，有点像 LISA，但更便宜。 我们说，孩子，我们很乐意帮忙。LISA 有它自己的所有应用程序，但 当然，他们需要很多内存啊，我们认为我们可以做得更好，并且 所以史蒂夫与我们签署了一项协议，实际上是为我们提供捆绑应用程序 第一台 Mac，所以我们非常相信 Mac 以及 Steve 在那里所做的事情。

Steve Jobs 史蒂夫·乔布斯

Most people don't remember, but until the Mac Microsoft was not in the applications business...it was dominated by Lotus. And Microsoft took a big gamble to write for the Mac.

大多数人不记得，但在 Mac 出现之前，微软并不涉足应用程序 商业……当时由 Lotus 主导。而微软冒了很大的风险去编写 适用于 Mac。

Bill Gates 比尔·盖茨

I signed up for Excel and Chart and File. He didn't buy Word because he had Macwrite going on and so we were part of that Mac development.

我注册了 Excel、Chart 和 File。他没有购买 Word，因为他有。 Macwrite 正在进行中，所以我们是 Mac 开发的一部分。

Steve Jobs 史蒂夫·乔布斯

And they came out with applications that were terrible, but they kept at it and they made them better.

他们推出了一些糟糕的应用程序，但他们坚持不懈，并且 他们让它们变得更好。

Bill Gates 比尔·盖茨

Once again we had more people than Apple did for most of that development and they, they did all the key work but we got to do a lot of tests you know.

我们再次拥有比苹果在大部分开发过程中更多的人 他们，他们完成了所有关键工作，但我们得做很多测试，你知道的。

Jeff Raikes 杰夫·雷克斯

Vice-President, Microsoft

微软副总裁

And so we got started in early 1982 on our Macintosh software effort and I think at that point in time you know, it really clicked with Bill that you know, graphic user interface was going to be the way, the way of the future.

所以我们在 1982 年初开始了我们的 Macintosh 软件工作，我认为 在那个时候，你知道，比尔真的明白了，图形 用户界面将成为未来的发展方向。

But while Bill was having his own GUI revelation, Jobs believed that Apple's true enemy was IBM.

但当比尔有了自己的图形用户界面启示时，乔布斯认为苹果的 真正的敌人是 IBM。

Steve Jobs 史蒂夫·乔布斯

Will Big Blue dominate the entire computer industry...the entire information age, was George Orwell right about 1984?

大蓝会主导整个计算机行业……整个信息时代吗？ 乔治·奥威尔关于《1984》的预言是否正确？

Despite Steve Jobs' showmanship, the IBM PC was hurting Apple's business.

尽管史蒂夫·乔布斯表现出色，IBM PC 仍然对苹果公司的业务造成了影响。

John Sculley 约翰·斯卡利

And most pundits considered that Apple was going to be out of business in a few short months. Business Week ran an article on their cover saying ehm "It's Over - IBM Has Won."

大多数专家认为苹果公司即将倒闭 短短几个月。《商业周刊》在封面上刊登了一篇文章，说嗯 “结束了——IBM 赢了。”

The Mac team saw themselves as Apple's pirates but the gang was now being called on to save the ship, as the Apple II was losing precious market share.

Mac 团队将自己视为苹果的海盗，但这个团伙现在被称为 为了拯救公司，因为 Apple II 正在失去宝贵的市场份额。

John Sculley 约翰·斯卡利

In the case of the Macintosh team ehm they were behind schedule in getting the Mac out which was not unusual in high technology ehm and so just getting that product to market was extremely important.

在 Macintosh 团队的情况下，他们在进度上落后于计划 在高科技领域出现问题并不罕见，所以只是解决这个问题 产品上市极为重要。

After many delays, a date for the launch of the Mac was announced. The pressure of the deadline was mounting, but Steve was still a perfectionist.

经过多次推迟，Mac 的发布日期终于公布了。压力 截止日期临近，但史蒂夫仍然是个完美主义者。

Chris Espinosa 克里斯·埃斯皮诺萨

Manager Media Tools, Apple

经理媒体工具，苹果

I had a huge screaming match with him about the software is written if we change it we've got to test it you know we're going to risk product quality, the manuals are already pasted up we've got to go to press if you do this it's going to slip the product. I don't care it sucks we can't do it this way. No design issue was too small and it was never too late to do it right.

我和他大吵了一架，关于如果我们更改软件的编写方式 我们必须测试它，你知道我们会冒产品质量的风险， 手册已经贴好了，我们得去印刷，如果你这样做，它就会去 滑动产品。我不在乎，这样做不行。没有设计。 问题太小，做对它永远不会太晚。

Andy Hertzfeld 安迪·赫茨菲尔德

It was a pressure cooker. We were working until we finished. We couldn't go to sleep or anything I was up for three days in that very last push and finally the stars aligned and the last release we made at six a.m. that morning.

这是一个高压锅。我们一直工作到完成。我们不能去 睡觉或其他任何事情，我在最后的冲刺中熬了三天，最终 星星排列整齐，我们在那天早上六点进行了最后一次发布。

It was now all or nothing, because Lisa had turned out an expensive flop. The fate of the whole company seemed to rest on the launch of the Mac. John Sculley had even authorised a 15 million dollar advertising campaign to coincide with the Mac's public unveiling - January 24th, 1984.

现在是成败在此一举的时候了，因为丽莎结果是一个昂贵的失败。 整个公司的命运似乎都取决于 Mac 的发布。约翰·斯卡利 甚至批准了一项 1500 万美元的广告活动以配合 Mac 的公开发布 - 1984 年 1 月 24 日。

John Sculley 约翰·斯卡利

I remember how nervous Steve was before the introduction of the Macintosh and the rehearsal the night before was a total disaster ehm nothing seemed to go right, Steve was upset at everybody, we wondered how in the world we were going to get through the introduction the following day but when that moment came Steve was a master showman.

我记得在麦金塔发布之前，史蒂夫有多紧张， 前一晚的彩排完全是一场灾难，嗯，似乎一切都不顺利 对，史蒂夫对所有人都很生气，我们想知道我们到底要怎么做 第二天要完成介绍，但当那一刻到来时 史蒂夫是一位大师级的表演者。

Steve Jobs (AT LAUNCH) 史蒂夫·乔布斯（发布时）

There have only been two milestone products in our industry - the Apple 2 in 1977 and the IBM PC in 1981. Today...one year after LISA we are introducing the third industry milestone product...Macintosh. Many of us have been working on Macintosh for over two years now and it has turned out insanely great. You've just seen some pictures of Macintosh now I'd like to show you Macintosh in person.

在我们的行业中，只有两个里程碑式的产品 - 1977 年的苹果 2 以及 1981 年的 IBM PC。今天……在 LISA 发布一年后，我们正在推出第三款产品。 行业里程碑产品……Macintosh。我们中的许多人一直在从事 Macintosh 的工作。 两年多以来，结果非常出色。你刚刚看到 一些关于 Macintosh 的图片，现在我想亲自向您展示 Macintosh。

The Macintosh was undoubtedly the first affordable personal computer with a genuine graphical user interface. It was also the first computer to be a monument to one man's ego. Forget the brilliant work done at Xerox PARC and the innovations borrowed from the Lisa. On the day only one man was claiming paternity for the Mac.

Macintosh 无疑是第一台价格实惠的个人电脑，具有 真正的图形用户界面。它也是第一个成为纪念碑的计算机。 为了一个人的自负。忘掉在施乐帕克所做的出色工作和创新。 从丽莎那里借来的。那天只有一个男人声称是 Mac 的父亲。

Computer Voice 电脑语音

So it is with considerable pride that I introduce a man who's been like a father to me - Steve Jobs.

因此，我怀着极大的自豪感介绍一位如父亲般的人 致我 - 史蒂夫·乔布斯。

John Scully 约翰·斯卡利

I was standing off-stage and as he came off he said this is the proudest happiest moment of my life and it was all over his face it clearly was cause he had launched a revolution.

我站在舞台旁边，他下台时说这是他最自豪、最快乐的时刻 我生命中的时刻，全都写在他的脸上，显然是因为他已经发起了 革命。

Steve Jobs 史蒂夫·乔布斯

Ultimately it comes down to taste. It comes down to trying to expose yourself to the best things that humans have done and then try to bring those things in to what you're doing. I mean Picasso had a saying he said good artists copy great artists steal. And we have always been shameless about stealing great ideas ehm and I think part of what made the Macintosh great was that the people working on it were musicians and poets and artists and zoologists and historians who also happened to be the best computer scientists in the world.

最终，这归结为品味。这归结为尝试让自己接触到。 人类所做的最好的事情，然后尝试将这些事情引入到 你在做什么。我是说毕加索有一句话，他说好的艺术家模仿伟大的艺术家。 艺术家偷窃。而且我们一直对窃取伟大的想法毫不羞愧嗯 我认为使 Macintosh 出色的部分原因是参与开发的人们 是音乐家、诗人、艺术家、动物学家和历史学家，他们也 恰好是世界上最优秀的计算机科学家。

With delusions of grandeur running rampant, Apple created a Hollywood-style TV commercial. It symbolised how the friendly Mac would free us from the Orwellian tyranny of clunky IBM PC's. Pleeeeeease! Despite the hype, by late 1984, the Mac's sales were disastrous. In ad after ad, Apple desperately pointed out that the Mac was far easier to use than the IBM PC. But it sold for $2500 - a thousand more than the IBM. And despite Jobs' best efforts in recruiting software makers like Bill Gates, applications were scarce.

随着妄自尊大的情绪泛滥，苹果公司打造了一个好莱坞风格的电视节目 商业广告。它象征着友好的 Mac 将如何把我们从奥威尔式的束缚中解放出来。 笨重的 IBM PC 的暴政。拜托！尽管有炒作，到 1984 年底，Mac 的 销售情况惨不忍睹。在一个又一个广告中，苹果拼命指出， Mac 比 IBM PC 更容易使用。但它的售价为 2500 美元 - 一千 比 IBM 更多。尽管乔布斯尽最大努力招募软件制造商。 像比尔·盖茨一样，应用程序很稀缺。

John Sculley 约翰·斯卡利

It didn't do very much. We had Mac Paint and Mac Write were our only applications and the market started to figure this out, by the end of the year people said well maybe the IBM PC isn't as easy to use or is not as attractive as the Macintosh but it actually does something that we want to be able to do - spreadsheets, wordprocessing and database and so we started to see the sales of the Mac tail off towards the end of 1984, and that became a problem the following year.

它没有做太多。我们只有 Mac Paint 和 Mac Write 这两个应用程序。 市场开始意识到这一点，到年底人们说 好吧，也许 IBM PC 不如 Macintosh 易于使用或不如 Macintosh 吸引人 但它实际上做了一些我们希望能够做到的事情——电子表格， 文字处理和数据库，因此我们开始看到 Mac 的销售尾声 在 1984 年底前后，这在第二年成为了一个问题。

Cringely's Third Law of Personal Computing was right again - to succeed, a PC must have an application which alone justifies buying the whole box. The IBM PC had Lotus 1-2-3. The Mac needed its killer application. Wysiwyg - another bunch of initials, from the world of the nerds. What you see is what you get - so what's the big deal? Well it turns out that it's very hard to print on paper exactly the same image that you see on the computer screen. Eighty per cent of our brain is devoted to processing visual data but that's not the same for computers. I've been here writing a letter to my Mum and I'm signing it Bob in 72 point Times Roman Italic type as befitting myself and when I tell it to print - what comes out is a Bob but certainly not the Bob that I intended. Until someone invented a way to print exactly what was on the screen gui would be, well a lot of hooey. Apple's problem was the dot matrix printer. It gave everything a type-writer quality. But salvation was at hand - and once again it owed a lot to Xerox Parc. One of Parc's former brains, John Warnock, had invented a technology that allowed a laser printer to print exactly, precisely what was on your screen. He started a company called Adobe to market his invention - when along came Steve Jobs.

克林杰利的个人计算第三定律再次被证明是正确的——要成功，一台个人电脑 必须有一个应用程序，仅凭它就值得购买整个盒子。 IBM PC 有 Lotus 1-2-3。Mac 需要它的杀手级应用程序。所见即所得 - 另一个 一堆缩写，来自书呆子的世界。所见即所得 - 所以 这有什么大不了的？事实证明，在纸上打印是非常困难的 完全相同的图像显示在计算机屏幕上。我们有 80%的 大脑专注于处理视觉数据，但计算机则不同。 我一直在这里给我妈妈写信，并用 72 号 Times 字体签名为 Bob 罗马斜体字适合我自己，当我告诉它打印时——输出的是什么 是一个鲍勃，但肯定不是我想要的那个鲍勃。直到有人发明了一种方法来 打印屏幕上的内容将会是，嗯，很多胡言乱语。苹果的 问题出在点阵打印机上。它使所有东西都具有打字机的质量。 但救赎就在眼前——而且这一次又多亏了施乐帕克。其中之一 帕克的前大脑约翰·沃诺克发明了一项允许激光的技术 打印机精确地打印出屏幕上的内容。他创办了一家公司。 称 Adobe 来推销他的发明 - 这时史蒂夫·乔布斯出现了。

Steve Jobs 史蒂夫·乔布斯

But I heard a few times, people would tell me, hey there was these guys over in this garage at Xerox Parc you ought to go see em and I finally went and saw em and I saw what they were doing and it was better than what we were doing.

但我听过几次，人们会告诉我，嘿，那边有些家伙在那儿 你应该去看看施乐帕克的这个车库，我终于去了并看了 我看到他们在做什么，比我们做得更好。

John Warnock 约翰·沃诺克

Co-founder, Adobe Systems

联合创始人，Adobe 系统公司

Steve Jobs came in, he told us about the Macintosh. He knew that the dot matrix printers, the old image writer that they had was not going to fly in a business environment. He had no...he and Atkinson had not been able to figure out how to drive laser printers and what we had figured out how to do what no-one else had figured out how to do was drive laser printers.

史蒂夫·乔布斯进来了，他告诉我们关于麦金塔的事情。他知道点阵打印机。 打印机，他们原有的旧图像打印机在商业中行不通 环境。他没有……他和阿特金森一直没能弄清楚如何去 驱动激光打印机，以及我们已经弄清楚如何做到其他人没有做到的事情 弄清楚如何操作激光打印机。

Steve Jobs 史蒂夫·乔布斯

Within two or three weeks we had cancelled our internal project, a bunch of people wanted to kill me over this but we did it and I had cut a deal with Adobe user software and we bought 19.9 per cent of Adobe at Apple.

在两到三周内，我们取消了内部项目，一群人 想因为这件事杀了我，但我们做到了，我与 Adobe 用户达成了一项协议 软件，我们在苹果公司购买了 Adobe 公司 19.9%的股份。

The investment paid off. The power of precise laser-printed images and a user friendly gui gave birth to a brand new business - desk-top publishing. The spreadsheet had made us all accountants. Now using break-through software we could create fancy artwork, snappy-looking note-paper - even counterfeit money. The Mac had found its killer application - and would soon become the PC of choice for any creative business.

投资得到了回报。精确激光打印图像的威力和用户 友好的图形用户界面催生了一个全新的业务——桌面出版。 电子表格让我们都成了会计师。现在，使用突破性的软件，我们可以 创建精美的艺术品、时尚的便笺纸——甚至伪造货币。Mac 找到了它的杀手级应用程序——并很快成为任何人的首选电脑 创意商业。

Dana Muise 达娜·穆伊斯

Founder, Hypnovista 创始人，Hypnovista

It changed my life that one instant when I picked up the mouse my whole life changed to building a career as a computer artist.

那一瞬间，当我拿起鼠标时，我的整个生活都改变了 转变为建立计算机艺术家的职业生涯。

The success of desk-top publishing came too late for Apple's founder. In 1985 Mac sales were still flat but Jobs refused to believe the numbers. He simply behaved as if the Mac was a hot seller from the start.

桌面出版的成功对苹果的创始人来说来得太晚了。在 1985 年 Mac 销量仍然持平，但乔布斯拒绝相信这些数字。他只是 表现得好像 Mac 从一开始就是热销产品。

Chris Espinosa 克里斯·埃斯皮诺萨

The grandiose plans of what Macintosh were going to be was just so far out of whack with the truth of what the product was doing and the truth of what the product was doing was not horrible it was salvagable but the gap between the two was just so unthinkable that somebody had to do something and that somebody was John Sculley.

Macintosh 的宏伟计划实在是超出了 用产品实际作用的真相和事实打击 产品的表现并不糟糕，是可以挽救的，但两者之间存在差距 简直难以想象，以至于必须有人采取行动，而那个人就是 约翰·斯卡利。

John Sculley, whom Jobs saw as his own creation, presented the board with his strategy to save the company. The plan did not include Steve Jobs.

约翰·斯卡利，乔布斯视其为自己的创造，向董事会展示了他的 拯救公司的策略。计划中没有包括史蒂夫·乔布斯。

John Sculley 约翰·斯卡利

The board had to make a choice, and I said look, it's Steve's company, I was brought in here to help you know, if you want him to run it that's fine with me but you know we've at least got to decide what we're going to do and everyone has got to get behind it.

董事会必须做出选择，我说看，这是史蒂夫的公司，我是被带来的 在这里帮助你知道，如果你想让他运行，那对我来说没问题，但你 知道我们至少得决定我们要做什么，每个人都必须 支持它。

Andy Hertzfeld 安迪·赫茨菲尔德

But he took it as a personal attack, started attacking Scully you know and which, backed himself into a corner because he was sure that the board would support him and not Sculley.

但他把这当作人身攻击，开始攻击斯卡利，你知道的，然后， 把自己逼到了绝境，因为他确信董事会会支持他 而不是斯卡利。

John Sculley 约翰·斯卡利

And ehm ultimately after the board talked with Steve and talked with me, the decision was that we would go forward with my plans and Steve left.

最终，在董事会与史蒂夫和我交谈后， 决定是我们将继续我的计划，而史蒂夫离开了。

Steve Jobs 史蒂夫·乔布斯

Ehm what can I say? I hired the wrong guy.

呃，我该怎么说呢？我雇错人了。

Q: That was Sculley? 那是斯卡利吗？

JOBS: Yeah and eh he destroyed everything I spent ten years working for. Ehm starting with me but that wasn't the saddest part. I would have gladly left Apple if Apple would have turned out like I wanted it to.

乔布斯：是的，嗯，他毁掉了我花十年时间努力的一切。嗯 从我开始，但那不是最悲伤的部分。我本来很乐意离开苹果。 如果苹果公司按照我想要的方式发展。

Larry Tesler 拉里·特斯勒

People in the company had very mixed feelings about it. Everyone had been terrorised by Steve Jobs at some point or another and so there was a certain relief that the terrorist had gone but on the other hand I think there was an incredible respect for Steve Jobs by the very same people and we were all very worried - what would happen to this company without the visionary, without the founder without the charisma...

公司里的人对此感到非常复杂。每个人都曾经 在某个时候被史蒂夫·乔布斯恐吓，因此有一定的 松了一口气，因为恐怖分子已经离开，但另一方面，我认为有一个 同样的人对史蒂夫·乔布斯怀有极大的尊敬，我们都非常 担心 - 没有这个有远见的人，这家公司会发生什么事，没有这个 没有魅力的创始人...

Andy Hertzfeld 安迪·赫茨菲尔德

Apple never recovered from losing Steve. Steve was the heart and soul and driving force. It would be quite a different place today. They lost their soul.

苹果在失去史蒂夫后再也没有恢复。史蒂夫是公司的核心、灵魂和推动力。 力量。今天的情况会大不相同。他们失去了灵魂。

Ironically the years after Jobs left were Apple's most profitable. Apple people played hard, they worked hard. They made the computer business look like a beach party and with a median age of twenty seven the company was very sexy...maybe too sexy. There was so much sleeping around that they came up with a travel policy back then that men would share rooms with other men on the road and women with other women - just to settle it down a bit. They applied the California lifestyle to the computer industry and the computer industry would never be the same again. In this bizarre promo to inspire their sales force, Apple stressed that the Mac's ease of use could liberate the pathetic prisoners of the IBM PC.

具有讽刺意味的是，乔布斯离开后的几年是苹果最赚钱的时期。苹果员工 玩得很努力，他们工作也很努力。他们让电脑行业看起来像海滩一样轻松。 派对，公司的平均年龄是二十七岁，非常有吸引力……也许。 太性感了。到处都是乱搞，以至于他们制定了一个旅行政策。 那时候，男人在路上会和其他男人合住，女人则和女人合住 其他女性 - 只是为了让它稍微平静下来一点。她们采用了加州的生活方式。 对计算机行业，计算机行业将永远不再相同。 在这个奇怪的宣传活动中，为了激励他们的销售团队，苹果强调了 Mac 的 易用性可以解放 IBM PC 的可怜囚徒。

Promo 促销

We'll fight them in the office and the classroom and the desktop with superior weapons.

我们将在办公室、教室和桌面上以优越的方式与他们斗争 武器。

With improvements to the hardware and the boom in desktop publishing, Mac production went into overdrive. By 1987, Apple was selling a million a year. IBM numbers! The Mac minted money - half its 2000 dollar price was pure profit! Apple arrogantly assumed their stuff was so good, consumers would always pay a premium for it. Big mistake. The Mac really ought to have won the battle for the desktop - OK it was more expensive than an IBM PC but if you what you wanted was a friendly easy to use system and surely everyone wanted that, then this was the only game in town - at least that's what the boys at Apple thought but they weren't reckoning on one man, Bill Gates. Gates saw that the Mac's GUI represented a long term threat to Microsoft's money machine, to DOS, the clunky operating system that sat inside every IBM PC. So Bill had his boys create a GUI that sat in top of DOS rather like building a fancy facade on an old building. They called it Windows and it wasn't much at first but it was good enough to defend the DOS franchise.

随着硬件的改进和桌面出版的兴起，Mac 生产进入了超速状态。到 1987 年，苹果每年销售一百万台。 IBM 的数字！Mac 赚了很多钱——其 2000 美元价格的一半是纯利润！ 苹果傲慢地认为他们的产品如此优秀，消费者总是愿意支付一个 为此支付溢价。大错特错。Mac 本应赢得这场战斗。 台式机 - 好吧，它比 IBM PC 更贵，但如果你想要的是 一个友好且易于使用的系统，当然每个人都想要，然后这就是 镇上唯一的游戏——至少苹果公司的那些人是这么想的，但他们 没有料到一个人，比尔·盖茨。盖茨看到 Mac 的图形用户界面代表着 对微软赚钱机器的长期威胁，对 DOS，这个笨重的操作系统 系统存在于每台 IBM 个人电脑中。因此，比尔让他的团队创建了一个 GUI，放在 在 DOS 之上，就像在旧建筑上建造一个华丽的外立面。他们称之为 它是 Windows，起初并不多，但足以保护 DOS 特许经营。

Jeff Raikes 杰夫·雷克斯

February or March of 1984, which was just right after the Apple Macintosh had been introduced. And at that point in time we were firmly convinced that we needed to bet on graphic user interface. First with the Macintosh and then with Windows.

1984 年 2 月或 3 月，就在苹果 Macintosh 刚刚发布之后， 被介绍。在那个时候，我们坚信我们 需要押注图形用户界面。首先是 Macintosh，然后是 窗口。

At Microsoft, it was a long and often frustrating struggle to find a GUI solution that challenged the MAC. I know the feeling! For years teams of Microsofties slaved in their windowless offices to build Windows - refreshed by an endless supply of free sodas.

在微软，寻找图形用户界面解决方案是一个漫长且常常令人沮丧的斗争 挑战了 MAC。我知道那种感觉！多年来，微软团队一直在努力 在他们没有窗户的办公室里辛苦工作以开发 Windows - 被无尽的 免费供应汽水。

Steve Ballmer 史蒂夫·鲍尔默

I was the development manager for Windows 1.0 and we kept slogging and slogging yeah I don't know about seven versions just a few versions to get things right for 1990, that's right.

我是 Windows 1.0 的开发经理，我们一直在努力奋斗。 是的，我不知道七个版本，只是几个版本来把事情做好 1990 年，没错。

Windows may at first have been a joke compared to the Mac. But Gates is persistent. Slowly it got better - and the guys at Apple got worried. As each new feature appeared on the Windows gui, the more they thought Microsoft was copying the features on the Mac. So finally they sued Microsoft, accusing them in a long legal battle of stealing the look and feel of Apple's gui.

与 Mac 相比，Windows 起初可能是个笑话。但盖茨是 持久。慢慢地情况好转了——而苹果公司的人开始担心。随着每个 Windows 图形用户界面上出现的新功能，让他们越来越觉得微软是 在 Mac 上复制功能。所以最终他们起诉了微软，指控他们在 苹果图形用户界面外观和感觉的长期法律争斗。

John Sculley 约翰·斯卡利

The look and feel which is how it looks, the experience of using it was not patentable but it was copyrightable but there was no precedent law. This was going to be a precedent setting case.

外观和感觉就是它的外观，使用它的体验并不是这样 可申请专利，但可受版权保护，但没有先例法。这是 将成为一个开创先例的案件。

Bill Gates 比尔·盖茨

But it was a period of five years where, Microsoft er, our whole strategy would have been ruined because Windows was very important to us.

但那是一个五年的时期，微软，呃，我们的整个战略将会 因为 Windows 对我们非常重要，所以已经被毁了。

Larry Tesler 拉里·特斯勒

They weren't going to change anything and ehm they were going to get us to cave in or take us all the way to the Supreme Court on this thing.

他们不会改变任何事情，呃，他们会让我们屈服 在这件事上带我们一路到最高法院。

Bill Gates 比尔·盖茨

We assumed that the lawyers, the judges would all come to the right conclusion which eventually they did.

我们以为律师和法官都会得出正确的结论 最终他们做到了。

John Sculley 约翰·斯卡利

And Apple lost. But in that period of about six years that this case was going on it may have lulled us into a bit of complacency thinking that we were going to be insulated, you know, from the Windows attack.

苹果输了。但在这起案件进行的大约六年期间， 它可能让我们有些自满，以为我们将会成为 隔离，你知道的，免受 Windows 攻击。

The launch of Windows 3 in 1990 killed off Apple's hopes that the Macintosh would win the gui wars.

1990 年 Windows 3 的发布扼杀了苹果对 Macintosh 的希望 赢得图形用户界面战争。

Bill Gates 比尔·盖茨

Today we're introducing Microsoft Windows version 3...

今天我们推出微软 Windows 3 版本...

The six years' labour to produce a GUI that made IBM PCs and all the clones as easy to use as the Mac finally came up trumps. In a year Windows 3 sold close to 30 million copies, consigning the Mac to a niche in the market.

六年的努力创造出一个图形用户界面，使得 IBM 个人电脑和所有的克隆机都像 易于使用的 Mac 终于取得了成功。在一年内，Windows 3 的销量接近 达到 3000 万份，使 Mac 在市场中处于小众地位。

Bill Gates 比尔·盖茨

Ladies and gentlemen the Windows 3 development team.

女士们，先生们，Windows 3 开发团队。

Bill Gates strategy won out. In every stage in the PC's development he joined the leading hardware company and by carving out a dominant market share for his product made his software the industry standard.

比尔·盖茨的策略胜出。在个人电脑发展的每个阶段，他都加入了 领先的硬件公司，并为他的产品占据主导市场份额 使他的软件成为行业标准。

Bill Gates 比尔·盖茨

You know the original PC did our evangelism in the way we created tools for that and pulled that together. Take Windows did we bet our company on that - did that come together? Virtually everything we've done, when we've first come out with it there's a lot of scepticism but most of the things we really stuck with them and despite all that second guessing we were able to pull them off.

你知道，最初的个人电脑通过我们为此创建的工具进行了推广 并把它们整合在一起。我们是否把公司押在 Windows 上了？ 走到一起？几乎我们所做的一切，当我们第一次推出时 有很多怀疑，但大多数事情我们确实坚持下来了 尽管有所有这些事后猜测，我们还是成功地完成了。

The launch of Windows means if nothing else, that Microsoft has finally won the battle for the graphical user interface. The great ideas of Xerox Parc which were turned into a great product by Apple are going to make Bill Gates even richer - why? Well he was smart. He was persistent. He took advantage of opportunities missed by others and he made clever decisions when his competitors were making stupid ones.

Windows 的发布至少意味着微软终于赢得了 图形用户界面的争夺战。施乐帕克的伟大创意是 被苹果公司变成了一款伟大产品的东西将使比尔·盖茨更加富有——为什么？ 好吧，他很聪明。他很执着。他抓住了别人错过的机会。 其他人在做愚蠢决定时，他做出了聪明的决定。

John Sculley 约翰·斯卡利

The problem was the industry wasn't measured by who has the best selling personal computer or who has the most innovative technology. The industry was measured by who had the most open system that was adopted by the most other companies and the Microsoft strategy ultimately turned out to be the better business strategy.

问题在于这个行业并不是以谁的个人销售最好来衡量的 计算机或谁拥有最具创新性的技术。该行业的衡量标准是 谁拥有被最多其他公司采用的最开放系统，并且 微软的策略最终被证明是更好的商业策略。

Steve Jobs 史蒂夫·乔布斯

The only problem with Microsoft is they just have no taste, they have absolutely no taste, and what that means is - I don't mean that in a small way I mean that in a big way. In the sense that they they don't think of original ideas and they don't bring much culture into their product ehm and you say why is that important - well you know proportionally spaced fonts come from type setting and beautiful books, that's where one gets the idea - if it weren't for the Mac they would never have that in their products and ehm so I guess I am saddened, not by Microsoft's success - I have no problem with their success, they've earned their success for the most part. I have a problem with the fact that they just make really third rate products.

微软唯一的问题是他们没有品味，他们完全没有 没有品味，我的意思是——我不是小题大做，我的意思是 以一种重要的方式。也就是说，他们不考虑原创的想法，他们不 将大量文化融入他们的产品，嗯，你会问这为什么重要——好吧 你知道按比例间隔的字体来自排版和美丽的书籍， 这就是人们产生想法的地方——如果没有 Mac，他们就永远不会有 在他们的产品中，所以我想我感到难过，不是因为微软的 成功 - 我对他们的成功没有意见，他们的成功是应得的 大部分。我对他们只是制作三流产品这一事实有问题。 产品。

Steve Ballmer 史蒂夫·鲍尔默

I will admit quite frankly that I think Windows today is probably four years behind, three years behind where it would have been had we not danced with IBM for so long. Because the amount of split energy, split works, split IQ in the company really cost our end customer real innovation in our product line and so whenever I hear these criticisms which I gotta to say sting eh sometimes, I say to myself just you watch, just you watch Windows 95, Windows 9...there's no lack of focus there hasn't been here for the last three or four years since we didn't have this big spot with IBM. Even in the operating systems here now, you'll start to see clear, clear...and people will recognise clear leadership.

我坦率地承认，我认为今天的 Windows 可能已经有四年了 落后，比我们没有与 IBM 合作时落后三年 因为分裂的能量、分裂的工作、分裂的智商数量如此之多。 公司确实在我们的产品线中让终端客户付出了真正的创新代价，并且 所以每当我听到这些批评时，我得说有时会感到刺痛，我 对自己说，你等着看，你等着看 Windows 95，Windows 9……没有。 过去三四年里，我们一直没有注意力不集中 没有与 IBM 这样大的合作。即使在现在的操作系统中，你也会 开始看到清晰、清晰……人们会认出明确的领导力。

Bill Gates 比尔·盖茨

We just keep making them better. We get millions of phone calls we get to go out there and talk to customers there's nothing cast in concrete. If people decide that there's something we should change we change it, it's a lot better than most industries in that sense. I think the way that applications user interfaces have advanced over the last decade Microsoft has been at the forefront of a very high percentage of that, and you know, I think it's great stuff.

我们只是不断改进它们。我们接到数百万个电话，我们可以出去。 在那里与客户交谈，没有什么是固定不变的。如果人们决定 我们应该改变的事情我们就去改变，这比大多数情况要好得多 在这种意义上的行业。我认为应用程序用户界面的方式已经 在过去十年中，微软一直处于非常高的前沿 那百分比，你知道，我觉得这很棒。

On August 24th 1995, Gates delivered the coup de grace to his software rivals. Windows 95 combines a PC's operating system and its graphical interface into one package. With a worldwide promotional campaign costing $300 million, it looks set to become the industry standard - supplanting Microsoft's old warhorse DOS. Cue the triumph of Bill. A software nerd is the richest man in the world. But even as Bill Gates bestrides the PC world like a colossus, ahead lie bigger battles, battles that will make the trouncing of the Mac and mastering the IBM PC look like a tea party. The Gates fortune was built on setting the industry standard for PC operating systems. Fine as long as PC's are stand alone boxes on your desk. But now they are being linked - into a worldwide network, the much hyped information superhighway.The PC on the internet is a mailbox, a telephone and a television.

1995 年 8 月 24 日，盖茨对他的软件竞争对手给予了致命一击。 Windows 95 将 PC 的操作系统和图形界面合二为一 包装。随着耗资 3 亿美元的全球宣传活动，它看起来 有望成为行业标准 - 取代微软的老将 DOS。 比尔的成功引起了轰动。一位软件极客成为了世界上最富有的人。但即便如此， 随着比尔·盖茨像巨人一样主宰着个人电脑世界，前方还有更大的战斗 让击败 Mac 和掌握 IBM PC 看起来像的战斗 茶会。盖茨的财富建立在为行业设定标准之上。 PC 操作系统。只要 PC 是你桌子上的独立设备就没问题。 但现在它们被连接起来，形成了一个全球网络，这个备受炒作的信息 超级高速公路。互联网上的电脑是一个邮箱、电话和电视。

Of course at the centre of this will be the idea of digital convergence that is taking all the information - books, art, movies and being able to provide that on demand on what the PC will have evolved into.

当然，这其中的核心将是数字融合的理念，即 获取所有信息——书籍、艺术、电影，并能够提供这些信息 根据需求，PC 将演变成什么样子。

The Internet is the next wave of the information revolution where there is as yet no industry standard, a world where even Bill Gates seems unsure.

互联网是信息革命的下一波浪潮，目前尚未 没有行业标准，甚至连比尔·盖茨似乎都不确定的世界。

Bill Gates 比尔·盖茨

You know, if you take the way the Internet is changing month by month, if somebody can predict what's going to happen three months from now, nine months from now even today eh my hat's off to them, I think we've got a phenomena here that is moving so rapidly that nobody knows exactly where it will go.

你知道，如果你看看互联网每个月的变化，如果有人 可以预测从现在起三个月后的情况，甚至九个月后的情况 今天，我向他们脱帽致敬，我认为我们这里有一个正在发展的现象 如此迅速，以至于没有人确切知道它将去往何处。

Bill Gates isn't resting on his laurels. He's making new alliances, like investing in Steven Spielberg's new movie studio, Dreamworks. He's in cable TV with broadcaster NBC and in competition with Rupert Murdoch and Mickey Mouse. These tycoons are a far cry from the nerds Bill has so far outsmarted - guys like Gary Kildall who became businessmen by accident. Even Bill's victory over IBM was really with a corporate outpost a long way from the attention of Big Blue Headquarters. No - Bill's new rivals are hotshots, not hippies. And one of them is the guy I'm visiting. He hopes the Internet will go somewhere other than to Bill Gates' bottom line. He's betting it will soon consign the PC itself to the trashcan - and do the same to Microsoft. Larry Ellison is the boss of Oracle, a booming business that sells software to companies who share information among hundreds of users. In Atherton, the most exclusive suburb in Silicon Valley, the bachelor billionaire has built himself a 10 million dollar samurai mansion. Naturally!

比尔·盖茨并没有止步不前。他正在建立新的联盟，比如 投资史蒂文·斯皮尔伯格的新电影制片厂，梦工厂。他在有线电视行业。 与广播公司 NBC 以及与鲁珀特·默多克和米老鼠竞争。这些 大亨与比尔迄今为止所智胜的书呆子相去甚远——像加里这样的家伙 基尔达尔是意外成为商人的。即使比尔战胜 IBM 的胜利实际上也是如此。 在远离蓝色巨人总部关注的地方设有一个公司前哨。 不——比尔的新对手是高手，不是嬉皮士。其中一个是我正在... 访问。他希望互联网能去到比尔·盖茨的底部以外的地方 线。他打赌它很快就会把个人电脑扔进垃圾桶——并且做到这一点。 同样适用于微软。拉里·埃里森是甲骨文的老板，这是一家蓬勃发展的企业， 向在数百名用户之间共享信息的公司销售软件。在 阿瑟顿，硅谷最独特的郊区，单身亿万富翁 他为自己建造了一座价值一千万美元的武士豪宅。自然！

Larry Ellison 拉里·埃里森

I want to have a large pond about 5 acres of water surrounded by several little buildings like a village.

我想要一个大约 5 英亩水面的池塘，周围有几个小的 像村庄一样的建筑。

With his ceremonial carp Larry contemplates the coming battle with Microsoft.

拉里手握仪式用的鲤鱼，沉思着即将与微软的对决。

Larry Ellison 拉里·埃里森

President, Oracle 总裁，甲骨文

People make a terrible mistake of thinking IBM is the present and Microsoft is the future and I think IBM is the past and Microsoft is the present and the future has not happened so we don't know what company, what technology is going to be dominant. These are temple guardians from the Koma Kura period ah and they you know you would have one on either side of your door and the job was to scare employees of Microsoft away and keep them from entering the Temple. We shouldn't spend all of our time wringing our hands about Microsoft you know Microsoft world domination that eh there still room enough for innovation - there's going to be change and Microsoft's future is not assured. Anything good for the Internet. Yeah IÍm very supportive of it because the Internet does not require a PC.

人们犯了一个严重的错误，认为 IBM 是现在，而微软是 未来，我认为 IBM 是过去，微软是现在和未来 尚未发生，所以我们不知道会是哪家公司、哪项技术 主导。这些是来自古马仓时代的寺庙守护者，啊，他们你 知道你会在门的两边各放一个，任务就是吓唬人 微软的员工远离并阻止他们进入寺庙。我们不应该 把我们所有的时间都花在为微软担忧上，你知道的，微软世界 统治，嗯，还有足够的空间进行创新——将会有 变化和微软的未来并不确定。任何对互联网有利的事情。是的 我非常支持它，因为互联网不需要个人电脑。

表格

Larry believes the PC will be replaced with a cheap device he calls an information appliance. It will be a glorified television which will access information and computing simply by connecting to giant computers via the Internet. Just like turning on a tap - and the PC will go the way of the well and the bucket.

拉里认为个人电脑将被他称为信息的廉价设备所取代 电器。它将是一台功能强大的电视，可以访问信息并 通过互联网连接到大型计算机进行计算。就像 打开水龙头——而个人电脑将像水井和水桶一样过时。

Larry Ellison 拉里·埃里森

I hate the PC with a passion. Me going down to the store and buying Windows 95, I've got to get into my car drive down to a store buy a cardboard box full of bits you know encoded on a piece of plastic CDROM and you bring it home and read a manual install this thing - you must be kidding you know, put the stuff on the net - it's bits, don't put bits in cardboard, cardboard in trucks, trucks to stores, me go to the store, you know, pick the stuff out, it's insane. OK I love the Internet - I want information you know it flows across the wire.

我非常讨厌电脑。我去商店买了 Windows 95， 我得开车去商店买一个装满零件的纸板箱 你知道编码在一张塑料光盘上，你把它带回家并阅读一个 手动安装这个东西——你一定是在开玩笑，把东西放在 网络——它是比特，不要把比特放在纸板里，纸板放在卡车里，卡车运到商店， 我去商店，你知道，挑选东西，太疯狂了。好吧，我喜欢这个。 互联网 - 我想要的信息通过电线传输。

So, the way ahead is wired - Larry, Bill, everybody agrees on that. And we have the nerds of the seventies to thank for making it possible, whether the PC itself survives or not. As we take up their challenge, it's worth finding out how these pioneers made out. Steve Jobs sold all his Apple stock in disgust when he was fired, but has made another fortune from his stake in a movie animation studio. He has no doubts about his contribution to humanity.

所以，前面的道路是有线的——拉里，比尔，大家都同意这一点。而我们有 要感谢七十年代的书呆子们，无论是个人电脑本身 是否存活。当我们接受他们的挑战时，值得了解这些是如何做到的。 先驱们成功了。史蒂夫·乔布斯在他感到失望时卖掉了他所有的苹果股票。 被解雇，但通过他在一家电影动画工作室的股份又赚了一大笔钱。 他对自己对人类的贡献毫不怀疑。

Steve Jobs 史蒂夫·乔布斯

If you talk to people that use the Macintosh they love it but you don't hear people loving products very often you know really but you could feel it in there, there was something really wonderful there.

如果你和使用 Macintosh 的人交谈，他们会很喜欢它，但你听不到 人们经常非常喜欢产品，你知道，真的，但你可以在其中感受到 那里有一些非常美好的东西。

Apple, the company Jobs took from a garage to the Fortune 500 is in trouble. It is now a fading force in the PC marketplace. Apple's other millionaire founder Steve Wozniak spends much of his time teaching computing to 11 and 12 year olds. IBM created the mass market for the PC but no longer sets industry standards. And most of the guys who built IBM's first PC have left Big Blue. And Ed Roberts who built the Altair, the very first PC, he turned his back on computing and returned to his first love, medicine. Funny, isn't how things turn out? After all the first PC revolution caught us all pretty much by surprise. Even Microsoft with 2000 millionaires and at least two billionaires never expected to be as successful as they are today. Cringely's universal law says society takes 30 years to adopt new technology into daily life - the phone, movies. Even television took that long before our rear ends became couch-shaped. So far the PC has had 20 years. So what comes next? Well, I'm off to find out. See you in ten years!

苹果公司，乔布斯从车库带到《财富》500 强的公司，正面临困境。 它现在在个人电脑市场上是一股逐渐消退的力量。苹果的另一位百万富翁创始人 史蒂夫·沃兹尼亚克花费大量时间教 11 岁和 12 岁的孩子计算机。 IBM 创造了个人电脑的大众市场，但不再制定行业标准。 大多数构建 IBM 第一台个人电脑的人已经离开了蓝色巨人。而埃德·罗伯茨 谁制造了第一台个人电脑 Altair，他转身离开了计算机行业并且 回到了他的初恋，医学。很有趣，不是吗，事情就是这样发展的？毕竟 第一次个人电脑革命几乎让我们所有人都感到意外。甚至微软也是如此。 拥有 2000 名百万富翁和至少两名亿万富翁，从未预料到会像这样 成功如他们今天一样。克林格利的普遍法则说，社会需要 30 年。 将新技术融入日常生活——电话、电影，甚至电视。 花了那么长时间，我们的屁股才变成沙发形状。到目前为止，电脑已经有了 20 年。那么接下来会发生什么呢？好吧，我要去找答案了。十年后见！